基于激光扫描的高边坡危岩体识别及锚固方法研究

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摘要利用三维激光测量技术获取高陡边坡的高密度点云坐标数据，建立高边坡表面模型。基于三维激光点云数据提取高陡边坡的岩体结构面的产状和几何信息数据。在此基础上，提出危岩块体的识别方法，即将高陡边坡的危岩体点云数据进行构网，形成为块体单元，然后利用虚拟结构面对块体单元进行分割，形成空间块体模型，并根据危岩体失稳类型对空间块体模型进行分类。基于极限平衡理论和各类危岩的破坏机制以及作用在危岩体上荷载组合，建立危岩体锚固计算方法。将该方法应用于东平白佛山边坡的危岩体调查及治理中，根据白佛山边坡危岩体的主要荷载类型(如自重、裂隙水压力和地震力等)及不同类型的危岩体稳定系数，计算不同类型危岩体的最小锚杆数。研究结果表明：(1) 三维激光扫描技术可以远距离、快速获取高陡边坡的空间坐标数据，进而获取岩体结构面的空间信息和产状；(2) 基于危岩体空间坐标数据、结构面空间信息和不同荷载组合，可进行危岩体分类和锚固计算，得到危岩锚固所需的锚杆或锚索数，为危岩锚固治理设计提供依据。工程实例表明，该方法具有较强的适用性和可靠性，有助于高陡边坡危岩体加固方案的设计和优化。

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关键词 ：边坡工程, 激光扫描, 高陡边坡, 岩体结构面, 块体识别, 锚固

Abstract：With the application of 3D laser scanning technique，high density point cloud coordinate data of high steep slope was obtained；and a surface model of high slope was established. Information of structure of rock mass of high slope and data of dangerous rock mass were extracted based on point cloud data obtained from 3D laser scanning. Based on this，a method for identifying dangerous rock mass was proposed；grid of point cloud coordinate data of dangerous rock mass of high steep slope was constructed；block element was formed，then the block element was divided by surface of spatial structure，spatial block model was formed；and the spatial block model was classified according to slide types of dangerous rock masses. Based on the limit equilibrium theory，the failure mechanism of all kinds of dangerous rock masses and the load combination acting on the dangerous rock mass，a calculation method of dangerous rock mass anchor was established. This method was applied to the investigation and rehabilitation of dangerous rock mass of Dongping Baifoshan slope；the minimum numbers of anchors of different kinds of dangerous rock masses were calculated according to the main kinds of loads acting on the dangerous rock masses of Baifoshan slope(such as weights，fissure water pressures，seismic forces and so on) and the stability coefficients of different kinds of dangerous rock masses. The results of the study show that：(1) Spatial coordinate data of high steep slope can be quickly obtained at a far distance with 3D laser scanning technology；then the spatial information and attitudes of the structure of the rock masses can be obtained. (2) Based on the spatial coordinate data of dangerous rock masses，the spatial information of surface of structure and different kinds of load combinations，classification of dangerous rock masses and calculation of anchoring can be carried out；the numbers of anchor bolts and anchor cables needed in the dangerous rock mass anchoring were obtained；and the results can be referenced for rehabilitation and design of dangerous rock masses. Engineering example shows that this method has strong applicability and reliability；and it benefits to design and optimization of reinforcement scheme of dangerous rock masses of high steep slopes.

Key words： slope engineering laser scanning high steep slope structural surface of rock mass identification of blocks anchor

收稿日期: 2012-04-10

引用本文:

刘昌军，张顺福，丁留谦，廖井霞. 基于激光扫描的高边坡危岩体识别及锚固方法研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2012, 31(10): 2139-2146.
LIU Changjun，ZHANG Shunfu，DING Liuqian，LIAO Jingxia. IDENTIFICATION OF DANGEROUS ROCK MASS OF HIGH SLOPE AND STUDY OF ANCHORING METHOD BASED ON LASER SCANNING. , 2012, 31(10): 2139-2146.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2012/V31/I10/2139

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