(1. CNNC/BRIUG Division of Environment Engineering，Beijing 100029，China；2. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering，Sichuan University，Chengdu，Sichuan 610065，China；3. Key Laboratory of Energy Engineering，Safety and Mechanics on Disasters，Ministry of Education，Sichuan University，Chengdu，Sichuan 610065，China)
摘要采用MTS815 Flex Test GT岩石力学试验系统及声发射(AE)三维定位实时监测系统，开展北山深部花岗岩不同应力条件下岩石破坏的声发射特征研究。试验得到北山花岗岩的直接拉伸强度为9.53 MPa，仅为其单轴平均抗压强度的1/17。试验结果表明，在拉伸应力条件下，由于无原生微裂隙闭合过程，声发射事件出现时间较晚并集中出现于破坏阶段；峰值应力后，声发射信号的继续增加说明花岗岩并未立刻破断，而仍具有一定拉伸承载能力。在压缩应力条件下，初期加载阶段即有声发射信号出现并随加载应力增加而持续增长，反映原生裂纹闭合及新生裂纹扩展演化的过程；随着围压增加，花岗岩在峰值应力阶段延性变形特征显著增强，其内部裂隙(损伤)在该阶段渐进式发展，导致声发射事件的集聚量远高于其他阶段；同时，围压增加使北山花岗岩的非线性特征增强，特别是破坏前的显著延性变形特征与其他工程常见花岗岩特性具有明显不同。研究得到北山花岗岩在不同应力状态下的变形特征和声发射特征，为北山花岗岩在不同应力条件下损伤演化机制研究奠定基础。
Abstract：The foundational mechanical behavior and acoustic emission(AE) characteristics of intact Beishan granite under different stress conditions are investigated，with the MTS815 Flex Text GT rock mechanics test system and PCI–II AE test system. The obtained direct tensile strength is 9.53 MPa，which is 1/17 of the average uniaxial compressive strength. Under the tensile stress condition，the AE events appear much later and mainly concentrate at the failure stage，since there is not a closing process of original microcracks. At the post-peak strength，the constantly increasing AE events indicate that the granite specimen does not break immediately and still has a certain tensile strength. Under compressive stress condition，AE events appear at initial loading stage，and increase continuously with loading stress，representing the initiation and propagation of the stress-induced microcracks. With the increase of confining pressure，the granite exhibits a more significant ductile at the peak stress，and a nonlinear mechanical behavior at the same time，with a progressive propagation of the microcracks(damage)，which leads to more intensive accumulated AE events. The significant ductile characteristics especially before the failure stage are obviously different from those of other common granite. The achievements of the work about mechanical behavior and AE characteristics of intact Beishan granite under different stress conditions are essential to the further study on the damage evolution mechanism of Beishan granite under different stress conditions.
[1] 张 明，李仲奎，杨 强，等. 准脆性材料声发射的损伤模型及统计分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2006，25(12)：2 493–2 501. (ZHANG Ming，LI Zhongkui，YANG Qiang，et al. A damage model and statistical analysis of acoustic emission for quasi-brittle materials[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2006，25(12)：2 493–2 501.(in Chinese))
[2] 赵兴东，唐春安，李元辉，等. 花岗岩破裂全过程的声发射特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2006，25(增2)：3 673–3 678.(ZHAO Xingdong，TANG Chun?an，LI Yuanhui，et al. Study on AE activity characteristics under uniaxial compression loading[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2006，25(Supp.2)：3 673–3 678. (in Chinese))
[3] 张 茹，谢和平，刘建锋，等. 单轴多级加载岩石破坏声发射特性试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2006，25(12)：2 584–2 588. (ZHANG Ru，XIE Heping，LIU Jianfeng，et al. Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristics of rock failure under uniaxial multilevel loadings[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2006，25(12)：2 584–2 588.(in Chinese))
[4] 蒋海昆，张 流，周永胜. 不同围压条件下花岗岩变形破坏过程中的声发射时序特征[J]. 地球物理学报，2000，43(6)：812–826.(JIANG Haikun，ZHANG Liu，ZHOU Yongsheng. Behavior of acoustic emission time sequence of granite in deformation and failure process under different confining pressures[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics，2000，43(6)：812–826.(in Chinese))
[5] 张志镇，高 峰，徐小丽. 花岗岩单轴压缩的声发射特征及热力耦合模型[J]. 地下空间与工程学报，2010，6(1)：70–74.(ZHANG Zhizhen，GAO Feng，XU Xiaoli. Acoustic emission characteristics and thermodynamic coupling model of granite under uniaxial compression[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering，2010，6(1)：70–74.(in Chinese))
[6] MANSUROV V A. Acoustic emission from failing rock behavior[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，1994，27(3)：173–182.
[7] 吴 刚，赵震洋. 不同应力状态下岩石类材料破坏的声发射特性[J]. 岩土工程学报，1998，20(2)：82–85.(WU Gang，ZHAO Zhenyang. Acoustic emission character of rock materials failure during various stress states[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，1998，20(2)：82–85.(in Chinese))
[8] 刘月妙，王 驹，谭国焕，等. 高放废物处置北山预选区深部完整岩石基本物理力学性能及时温效应[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2007，26(10)：2 034–2 042.(LIU Yuemiao，WANG Ju，THAM L G，et al. Basic physico-mechanical properties and time-temperature effect of deep intact rock from Beishan preselected area for high-level radioactive waste disposal[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2007，26(10)：2 034–2 042.(in Chinese))
[9] 杨春和，王贵宾，王 驹，等. 甘肃北山预选区岩体力学与渗流特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2006，25(4)：825–832.(YANG Chunhe，WANG Guibin，WANG Ju，et al. Study on rock mass mechanics and seepage characteristics of candidate site，Beishan，Gansu Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2006，25(4)：825–832.(in Chinese))
2012, Vol. 31 
