隧道施工影响下城市复杂地层的变形机制及预测方法

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2014.12.016

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摘要由于城市环境的复杂性以及地层条件的多变性，因而对地层变形的准确预测不仅十分重要而且也极其困难。针对城市地层及其与环境的动态作用特点，分别从地层材料、地层细观结构和地层环境3个层面对隧道施工影响下的地层变形过程和机制进行系统研究，揭示复杂地层的变形机制。结合城市地层的复杂结构特点，提出3种典型的细观结构模式，分别建立相应的力学模型，给出稳定性的评价方法；按照地层细观结构类型及其与新建隧道的空间位置关系，基于综合影响因素的分析，建立细观结构稳定性与地层宏观变形之间的量化关系，可对结构失稳引起的地层变形和地表沉降进行准确预测；针对城市隧道施工降水以及失水流砂特点，提出失水流砂对地层变形破坏的影响模式，分析由此引起的地层变形及其预测方法；综合考虑地层材料的弹塑性变形、细观结构失稳的宏观变形效应以及失水流砂造成的地层固结变形，即可对施工引起的城市复杂地层的变形作出精细化预测，这对工程的安全性控制具有十分重要的意义。研究成果在北京城市地铁工程应用后取得满意的效果，具有很好的应用前景。

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关键词 ：隧道工程, 城市复杂地层, 地层细观结构, 稳定性, 地层变形预测

Abstract：Because of the complexity of the urban environment and the variability of the geological conditions，it is very important and difficult to predict the ground deformation accurately. The process and mechanism of ground deformation were analyzed systematically from three aspects，the materials，the meso-structures and the environment of ground layers. Three typical kinds of meso-structures were put forward to describe the characteristics of complex ground conditions and correspondingly the methods of stability analysis were established. According to the designated type of ground meso-structure and its spatial relation to tunnel，the quantitative relationship between the stability of the meso-structure and the macroscopic ground deformation was established，which predicted accurately the ground deformation and the surface subsidence caused by the instability of meso-structure. A model of calculating the ground deformation due to the water table fall and the loss of water and sand was established. Together with the elasto-plastic deformation of ground，the total ground deformations were thus be obtained and were found to agree very well with the measured data.

Key words： tunnelling engineering urban complex ground conditions meso-structure of ground stability ground deformation prediction

收稿日期: 2014-05-13

引用本文:

张顶立，李倩倩，房倩，陈立平. 隧道施工影响下城市复杂地层的变形机制及预测方法[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2014, 33(12): 2504-2516.
ZHANG Dingli，LI Qianqian，FANG Qian，CHEN Liping. DEFORMATION MECHANISM AND PREDICTION METHOD FOR TUNNELING IN COMPLEX URBAN GROUND CONDITIONS. , 2014, 33(12): 2504-2516.

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http://www.rockmech.org/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2014.12.016 或 http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2014/V33/I12/2504

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