石英云母片岩动力学特性实验及爆破裂纹扩展研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2015.0533

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摘要石英云母片岩动力学特性复杂，爆破参数难以准确获取，施工中常出现爆破进尺短、超挖、欠挖等现象，导致施工质量差、效率低。室内分离式霍布金森压杆实验表明，石英云母片岩在线弹性阶段弹性模量随应变率增长变化不大，在非线性阶段则表现出类似金属材料的屈服特征，塑性特征明显，动载强度与应变率之间呈乘幂关系，随应变率的增加而增加。在冲击荷载作用下，石英云母片岩沿层理方向破碎成片状结构，呈压剪破坏模式，破碎程度与应变率存在一定相关性。石英云母片岩破碎能与入射能呈线性关系，破碎能耗密度随应变率增加而增加，呈幂函数关系。通过模拟孔径42 mm、药径32 mm的单孔爆破过程，得到爆腔与裂隙形成时间约0.904 8 ms，爆腔半径为13.8 cm，是炮孔半径的4.45倍，最长裂隙半径为71.3 cm，是炮孔半径的23倍；根据破岩裂隙规模将破裂区划分为3个区域：破裂严重区、破裂中等区、破裂轻微区。爆炸压力由爆心向外呈指数形式快速衰减，在距爆心40 cm处衰减趋于平缓，压力值相对较低，塑性区最大范围为49.3 cm。给出了实际石英云母片岩地下洞室开挖的掏槽孔爆破参数建议值，可为类似软岩爆破施工提供参考。

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关键词 ：岩石力学, 石英云母片岩, 分离式霍布金森压杆, 动力学特性, 应变率, 数值模拟

Abstract：The dynamic properties of quartz mica schist are complex and it is hard to determine the blasting parameter accurately. A lot of undesirable phenomena appear during the construction，i.e. the short advance per attack，overbreak and underbreak，which lead to the low efficiency. Through the indoor experiment of split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)，the elastic modulus of quartz mica schist was found to change a little with the increase of strain rate in the linear elastic stage. In the nonlinear stage，the yielding characteristics similar to those of metal material occurred. The dynamic strength increased exponentially with the strain rate. Under the impact load，quartz mica schist was broken into the flake structure along the bedding direction，exhibiting the compressive-shearing failure mode. The broken degree was related with the strain rate. The breaking energy was linearly related to the incident energy. The breaking energy density increased with the increase of strain rate with a relation of a power function. The blasting process of a single hole with the diameters of aperture and explosive of 42 and 32 mm respectively was simulated. The time of forming blasting cavity and crack was about 0.904 8 ms. The radius of blasting cavity was 13.8 cm and 4.45 times the radius of the hole. The longest fracture was 71.3 cm in length and was 23 times the radius of the hole. The fracture zone was divided into 3 areas including a serious ruptured zone，a middle ruptured zone and a slightly fractured zone. The explosive pressure was reduced exponentially and was low in the distance of the 40 cm from the explosion center. The plastic zone was 49.3 cm in radius. The value of cuthole blasting parameters of an underground cavern of actual mica quartz schist was proposed.

Key words： rock mechanics quartz mica schist split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) dynamic characteristics strain rate numerical simulation

引用本文:

李洪涛1，2，王志强2，姚强1，2，刘勇林2，华天波2，高尚2. 石英云母片岩动力学特性实验及爆破裂纹扩展研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2015, 34(10): 2125-2141.
LI Hongtao1，2，WANG Zhiqiang2，YAO Qiang1，2，LIU Yonglin2，HUA Tianbo2，GAO Shang2. STUDY OF DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND BLASTING CRACK PROPAGATION OF QUARTZ MICA SCHIST. , 2015, 34(10): 2125-2141.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2015.0533 或 http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2015/V34/I10/2125

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