应变率对岩石变形过程声发射特征的影响

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2017.0939

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摘要应变率是岩石力学性质和声发射特性的重要影响因素。针对应变率对岩石弹性变形过程声发射特征的影响问题，进行了含孔花岗岩双轴加载过程的声发射监测实验，通过研究岩石变形(弹、塑性)过程应变率和声发射率变化趋势之间的关系，揭示应变率对岩石变形过程声发射特征的影响机制。结果表明：(1) 在弹性变形过程中应变率、声发射率变化曲线均表现为“升→降→稳”的阶段性和趋势性变化，二者高度相关；在塑性变形过程中应变率基本稳定、声发射率呈递增的趋势性变化，二者显著无关。(2) 声发射率趋势性变化取决于岩石内部摩擦强度。摩擦强度主要由摩擦面积(与裂隙相关)、摩擦速率(取决于应变率)决定。在弹性变形过程中，几乎无新裂隙产生，摩擦面积一定，声发射率趋势性变化主要受应变率支配；在塑性变形过程，应变率相对稳定，局部裂隙不断产生，摩擦面积增加，声发射趋势性变化主要受控于破裂面面积。(3) 声发射趋势性成分来源于岩石内部摩擦属于连续型信号，破裂发育产生的声发射是突发型信号；基于此差异，提出声发射特征新指标——声发射突变率，它可有效提取由破裂发育所产生的声发射突变信息，与声发射率的趋势性相结合，能更全面反映岩石破裂发育情况。

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	高祥1
	刘善军1
	黄建伟1
	杨正仓1
	毛文飞1
	吴立新1
	2

关键词 ：岩石力学, 变形, 应变率, 声发射率, 声发射突变率, 失稳预警

Abstract：The strain rate is an important factor affecting the mechanical and acoustic emission(AE) characteristics of rock. The AE monitoring experiment of granite specimen with a circular hole under biaxial loading was carried out to study the influence of strain rate on AE characteristics during the elastic deformation process of rock. The relationship between the strain rate and acoustic emission rate(AER) during the rock deformation was studied. The mechanism of influence of the strain rate on AE characteristics was discussed. The trends of the strain rate curve and the AER curve were found to be remarkably similar，both with an increase-decrease-steady tendency in the process of elastic deformation. The relationship between these two curves in the process of plastic deformation was very weak，with the strain rate curve being steady and the AER curve increasing gradually. The variation of the AER was mostly caused by the interior frictional strength of rock，which was mainly determined by the fictional area(related to the interior crack) and the fictional rate(depending on the strain rate). In the elastic stage，the variation of AER was mainly determined by the strain rate，for the fictional area was regarded as constant with no interior cracks formed. In the plastic stage with the strain rate to be constant，the AER trend was determined by the increase of fictional area，which was caused by the appearance of local fissures. The AER variation caused by the interior friction was belong to continuous signal，while the AER variation related to the fracture development could be regarded as the mutational signal. Based on this difference，the concept of mutation rate of acoustic emission(AEMR) was put forward as a new AE index. The AE information caused by fracturing can be extracted effectively and the fracture development can be reflected comprehensively by the analysis of AEMR，combining with the tendency of AER.

Key words： rock mechanics deformation strain rate acoustic emission rate(AER) acoustic emission mutation rate(AEMR) instability prediction

引用本文:

高祥1，刘善军1，黄建伟1，杨正仓1，毛文飞1，吴立新1，2. 应变率对岩石变形过程声发射特征的影响[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2018, 37(4): 887-897.
GAO Xiang1，LIU Shanjun1，HUANG Jianwei1，YANG Zhengcang1，MAO Wenfei1，WU Lixin1，2. The influence of strain rate on AE characteristics during rock deformation. , 2018, 37(4): 887-897.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2017.0939 或 http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2018/V37/I4/887

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