煤层水力压裂微震信号P波初至的自动拾取方法

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.0467

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摘要水力压裂技术是矿山领域防冲、消突以及瓦斯抽采等的绿色技术，煤层水力压裂过程的微震监测可实现对压裂裂缝追踪和效果评价。为了实现对煤层水力压裂微震信号P波初至到时的精确拾取，针对水力压裂微震信号的频域特性，提出一种基于改进小波包阈值去噪(MWPT)的和改进AIC法(IAIC)的初至到时精确拾取方法。该方法首先提出对原有WPT去噪模型进行改造，建立基于多去噪规则的多阈值去噪方法；然后对原AIC算法进行改进，提出构建联合快速搜索和精确拾取两大模块的IAIC快速、精确拾取算法。以典型煤层压裂微震数据为例，以人工拾取结果为参照，利用IAIC，ER，MER，WFM以及PAI-S/K五种算法对该数据进行处理，结果表明：MWPT算法适用于背景干扰少、频率范围集中的煤层水力压裂信号，信噪比提升至12.67 dB，信号能量特征保留高达97.15%；在到时拾取方面，除PAI-S/K外其余4种算法在去噪后的到时拾取精度均得到有效提高，其中尤以IAIC法最为明显，到时平均误差由34.17 ms锐减至7.08 ms；ER，MER，WFM算法对波形的起伏较为敏感，但由于时窗因素影响，其到时往往滞后于手动拾取值。总而言之，IAIC法对去噪结果更为敏感，在12通道波形的拾取精度(约7.08 ms)和速度(约0.124 s)远优于人工拾取和其他4类方法，误差分布方面也较理想(－10～10 ms误差范围内可达62.5%，－20～20 ms范围高达100%)。所提出方法一定程度上提升了煤层水力压裂微震信号P波初至的拾取效率和精度，可为后续的微震自动、高精定位计算提供借鉴。

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	朱权洁1
	姜福兴2
	魏全德3
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	王博2
	刘金海1
	刘晓辉1

关键词 ：采矿工程, 水力压裂, 微震, 小波包, 改进AIC法, 到时拾取

Abstract：In recent years，hydraulic fracturing is an important technique widely used in mining fields for methane exploitation in coal bed，gas drainage and rock burst preventions. In order to improve the speed and accuracy of arrival picks of microseismic P-phase in hydraulic fracturing of coal seam，a new method which combines a multi-threshold wavelet packet transform(MWPT) and an improved Hilbert-Huang transform(IAIC) was developed. The MWPT module has the multi-rules for different frequency bands based on wavelet packet transform method. The IAIC module is applied for speediness and precise determination of P-phase arrival time with two steps：rapid searching and accurate picking. Taking a typical microseismic event with 12 channels as an example，the methods of IAIC，ER，MER，WFM and PAI-S/K were used to pick up the first arrival time and compared to the manual picking results. MWPT method was proved to be applicable for microseismic signals from hydraulic fracturing of coal seam. The SNR has been advanced about 12.67 dB with reserved signal energy eigenvalue of 97.15%. Four methods except PAI-S/K method had the high accuracy in picking microseismic P-phase arrival，especially the IAIC method reduced the error from 34.17 ms to 7.08 ms. Although the methods of ER，MER，WFM are in the same time-window system，and sensitive to the waveform fluctuation，they still lag behind the manual result attributing to selective time-window. Compared to the manual method，IAIC method is more sensitive to signal denoising by MWPT method，with computation cost(0.124 s) and precision(7.08 ms)，the picking error between －10 ms and 10 ms is even up to 62.5%，between －20 ms and 20 ms is up to 100%.

Key words： mining engineering hydraulic fracturing microseismic wavelet packet transform improved Hilbert-Huang transform(IAIC) arrival time picking

引用本文:

朱权洁1，姜福兴2，魏全德3，4，王博2，刘金海1，刘晓辉1. 煤层水力压裂微震信号P波初至的自动拾取方法[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2018, 37(10): 2319-2333.
ZHU Quanjie1，JIANG Fuxing2，WEI Quande3，4，WANG Bo2，LIU Jinhai1，LIU Xiaohui1. An automatic method determining arrival times of microseismic P-phase in hydraulic fracturing of coal seam#br#. , 2018, 37(10): 2319-2333.

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http://www.rockmech.org/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.0467 或 http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2018/V37/I10/2319

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