砂岩加载过程中的细观损伤试验研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.1087

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摘要为研究砂岩在加载过程中的细观损伤特征，采用三轴压缩试验设备，对砂岩进行特定高围压下不同轴向应力加载试验。利用扫描电镜、能谱分析仪对加载后的完整岩样进行细观观测，运用图像处理程序对砂岩的细观损伤信息进行统计分析。研究结果表明：在30 MPa围压和未超过单轴抗压的轴应力下，砂岩的应力–应变曲线未见明显屈服点，而随轴向应力增加，其塑性变形程度与细观损伤因子不断增加，砂岩强度渐进劣化；试件细观损伤因子基本服从Gauss函数分布，其细观损伤随轴向应力的增加由观测面边缘逐渐向中心延展。砂岩内部的3种细观结构在加载后仅表现为砂粒、胶结体2种细观形貌，且随轴向应力的增加，试件损伤细观上首先从胶结体开始，然后逐步转移到砂粒。砂岩主要由氧、硅、铝3种元素组成，氧元素遍布整个试件，硅元素主要分布在试件的高强度区，铝元素主要分布在试件的低强度区。

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关键词 ：岩石力学, 塑性变形, 细观损伤, 损伤因子, 微裂纹, 元素分析

Abstract：To study the meso-damage characteristics of sedimentary rocks，compression tests were carried out on sandstones under specific high confining pressures using the triaxial compression equipment. Scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analyzer were used to investigate micro behaviours of samples after compression，and the image-processing technique was adopted to analyze the meso-damage information of sandstones. The results indicate that，in the case of 30 MPa of the confining pressure，the stress-strain curves exhibit no evident yielding，and the plastic deformation and the meso-damage factor continue to increase and the sandstone strength gradually deteriorates with increasing the axial stress prior to exceeding the uniaxial compressive strength. The meso-damage factor obeys the Gauss function distribution，and the meso-damage gradually propagates from the edge of the surface to the center with increasing the axial stress. The three meso-structures within sandstone samples mainly exhibit as two forms of meso-morphology，e.g. sand and cement，and the damage of the sample begins from the cement and then transfers to the sand. Three components of sandstone including oxygen，silicon and aluminum respectively distribute throughout the sample，in the high-strength area and in the low-strength area.

Key words： rock mechanics plastic deformation meso-damage damage factor micro-crack elemental analysis

引用本文:

唐海，易帅，袁超，王建龙，丁安松，赵志伟. 砂岩加载过程中的细观损伤试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2019, 38(3): 487-498.
TANG Hai，YI Shuai，YUAN Chao，WANG Jianlong，DING Ansong，ZHAO Zhiwei. Experimental study on meso-damage of sandstone during loading process#br#. , 2019, 38(3): 487-498.

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http://www.rockmech.org/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.1087 或 http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2019/V38/I3/487

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