(1. College of Mining Engineering，North China University of Science and Technology，Tangshan，Hebei 063210，China；
2. School of Mines，China University of Mining and Technology，Xuzhou，Jiangsu 221116，China；3. College of
Metallurgy and Energy，North China University of Science and Technology，Tangshan，Hebei 063210，China)
Abstract：Based on acoustic emission regional wave velocity imaging technology，acoustic emission detection experiments in the process of rock cracking were carried out. The effect of acoustic emission wave velocity imaging technology was examined in terms of the accuracy of damage state detection and the process of rock damage evolution. A damage evaluation system was constructed and a damage variable related to acoustic emission wave velocity field was established. The results show that the spatial location of the damaged area can be accurately described by the regionalization of the velocity imaging nephogram. The weakening area around the low wave velocity can represent the future development direction of cracks. The discrete distribution of high and low wave velocities can depict the real state of rocks. The evolution process of the nephogram reveals that the key fracture damage of rocks occurs mostly at abnormal areas of the wave velocity or their junctions and，around them，the low wave velocity area gathers，expands and penetrates into the whole rock. An evaluation system of feature extraction，determination of weight and comprehensive evaluation by TOPSIS method was proposed for assessing the damage state of rocks. It is also shown that，under multi-stage loading，the rock undergoes a stable and accelerated damage development and that the damage decreases temporarily due to crack compaction in the stage of the accelerated damage development. This evaluation method，which can quantitatively describe the damage state and show the damage distribution area at the same time，has a remarkable effect on the characterization of micro-fracture behavior and great significance for the evaluation of rock damage state.
[1] 姜福兴，杨淑华，成云海，等. 煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究[J]. 地球物理学报，2006，49(5)：1 511–1 516.(JIANG Fuxing，YANG Shuhua，CHEN Yunhai，et al. A study on microseismic monitoring of rock burst in coal mine[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics，2006，49(5)：1 511–1 516.(in Chinese))
[2] 贺 虎，窦林名，巩思园，等. 冲击矿压的声发射监测技术研究[J]. 岩土力学，2011，32(4)：1 262–1 268.(HE Hu，DOU Linming，GONG Siyuan，et al. Study of acoustic emission monitoring technology for rockburst[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2011，32(4)：1 262–1 268.(in Chinese))
[3] 巩思园，窦林名，徐晓菊，等. 冲击倾向煤岩纵波波速与应力关系试验研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2012，29(1)：67–71.(GONG Siyuan，DOU Linming，XU Xiaoju，et al. Experimental study on the correlation between Stress and P-wave velocity for burst tendency coal-rock samples[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering，2012，29(1)：67–71.(in Chinese))
[4] 李浩然，杨春和，刘玉刚，等. 花岗岩破裂过程中声波与声发射变化特征试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报，2014，36(10)：1 915–1 923.(LI Haoran，YANG Chunhe，LIU Yugang，et al. Experimental research on ultrasonic velocity and acoustic emission properties of granite under failure process[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2014，36(10)：1 915–1 923.(in Chinese))
[5] 张志镇，高 峰，林 斌，等. 岩石冲击倾向与其波速变化的相关性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2012，31(增2)：3 527–3 532. (ZHANG Zhizhen，GAO Feng，LIN Bin，et al. Correlation study of rock burst tendency and ultrasonic velocity[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2012，31(Supp.2)：3 527–3 532. (in Chinese))
[6] 胡少华，章 光，张 淼，等. 热处理北山花岗岩变形特性试验与损伤力学分析[J]. 岩土力学，2016，37(12)：3 427–3 436.(HU Shaohua，ZHANG Guang，ZHANG Miao，et al. Deformation characteristics tests and damage mechanics analysis of Beishan granite after thermal treatment[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2016，37(12)：3 427–3 436.(in Chinese))
[7] KAHRAMAN S. The correlations between the saturated and dry P-wave velocity of rocks[J]. Ultrasonics，2007，46(4)：341–348.
[8] 赵明阶，徐 蓉. 岩石损伤特性与强度的超声波速研究[J]. 岩土工程学报，2000，22(6)：720–722.(ZHAO Mingjie，XU Rong. The rock damage and strength study based on ultrasonic velocity[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2000，22(6)：720–722.(in Chinese))
[9] 樊秀峰，简文彬. 砂岩疲劳特性的超声波速法试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2008，27(3)：557–563.(FAN Xiufeng，JIAN Wenbin. Experimental research on fatigue characteristics of sandstone using ultrasonic wave velocity method[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2008，27(3)：557–563.(in Chinese))
[10] 杨福见，胡大伟，周 辉，等. 动载扰动后花岗岩物理力学特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2018，37(6)：1 459–1 467.(YANG Fujian，HU Dawei，ZHOU Hui，et al. Physical and mechanical properties of granite after dynamic disturbance[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2018，37(6)：1 459–1 467.(in Chinese))
[11] 巩思园，窦林名. 煤矿冲击矿压震动波CT预测原理与技术[M]. 北京：中国矿业大学出版社，2013：50–59.(GONG Siyuan，DOU Linming. Theory and technology of forecasting rockburst in coal mine by microseismic CT imaging[M]. Beijing：China University of Mining and Technology Press，2013：50–59.(in Chinese))
[12] 王常彬，曹安业，井广成，等. 单轴受载下岩体破裂演化特征的声发射CT成像[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2016，35(10)：2 044–2 053. (WANG Changbin，CAO Anye，JING Guangcheng，et al. Evolution characteristics of rock fracture under uniaxial loading by combining acoustic emission and CT imaging[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2016，35(10)：2 044–2 053.(in Chinese))
[13] 朱广安，窦林名，丁自伟. 超应力卸载作用下煤样冲击破坏试验研究[J]. 煤炭学报，2018，43(5)：1 258–1 271.(ZHU Guan?gan，DOU Linming，DING Ziwei. Experimental study on rock burst of coal samples under overstress and triaxial unloading[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2018，43(5)：1 258–1 271.(in Chinese))
[14] 窦林名，姜耀东，曹安业，等. 煤矿冲击矿压动静载的“应力场–震动波场”监测预警技术[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2017，36(4)：29–37.(DOU Linming，JIANG Yaodong，CAO Anye，et al. Monitoring and pre-warning of rockburst hazard with technology of stress field and wave field in underground coalmines[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2017，36(4)：29–37.(in Chinese))
[15] 窦林名，蔡 武，巩思园，等. 冲击危险性动态预测的震动波CT技术研究[J]. 煤炭学报，2014，39(2)：238–244.(DOU Linming，CAI Wu，GONG Siyuan，et al. Dynamic risk assessment of rock burst based on the technology of seismic computed tomography detection[J]. Journal of China Coal Socity，2014，39(2)：238–244.(in Chinese))
[16] 姚旭龙，张艳博，孙 林，等. 基于区域相关性的岩石损伤声发射探测与成像方法研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2017，36(9)：37–47.(YAO Xulong，ZHANG Yanbo，SUN Lin，et al. Research on acoustic emission inspecting and imaging method for rock damage based on regional correlation[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2017，36(9)：37–47.(in Chinese))
[17] 蔡美峰. 岩石力学与工程[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2002：55–56.(CAI Meifeng. Rock mechanics and engineering[M]. Beijing：Science Press，2002：55–56.(in Chinese))
[18] 张艳博，杨 震，姚旭龙，等. 花岗岩巷道岩爆声发射信号及破裂特征实验研究[J]. 煤炭学报，2018，43(1)：95–104.(ZHANG Yanbo，YANG Zhen，YAO Xulong，et al. Experimental study on rockburst acoustic emission signal and fracture characteristics in granite roadway[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2018，43(1)：95–104.(in Chinese))
[19] 张 俊，殷坤龙，王佳佳，等. 三峡库区万州区滑坡灾害易发性评价研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2016，35(2)：284–296.(ZHANG Jun，YIN Kunlong，WANG Jiajia，et al. Evaluation of landslide susceptibility for Wanzhou district of Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2016，35(2)：284–296.(in Chinese))
[20] 王季方，卢正鼎. 模糊控制中隶属度函数的确定方法[J]. 河南科学，2000，18(4)：348–351.(WANG Jifang，LU Zhengding. The determine method of membership function in fuzzy control[J]. Henan Science，2000，18(4)：348–351.(in Chinese))
[21] 李术才，周宗青，李利平，等. 岩溶隧道突水风险评价理论与方法及工程应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2013，32(9)：1 858–1 867. (LI Shucai，ZHOU Zongqing，LI Liping，et al. Risk evaluation theory and method of water inrush in karst tunnels and its applications[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2013，32(9)：1 858–1 867.(in Chinese))
[22] 阮 航，张勇慧，朱泽奇，等. 一种改进的公路边坡稳定性模糊评价方法研究[J]. 岩土力学，2015，36(11)：3 337–3 344.(RUAN Hang，ZHANG Yonghui，ZHU Zeqi，et al. Study of an improved fuzzy evaluation method for the stability of rock slopes[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2015，36(11)：3 337–3 344.(in Chinese))
[23] 周科平，雷 涛，胡建华. 深部金属矿山RS-TOPSIS岩爆预测模型及其应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2013，32(增2)：3 705–3 711. (ZHOU Keping，LEI Tao，HU Jianhua，et al. RS-TOPSIS model of rock burst prediction in deep metal mines and its application[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2013，32(Supp.2)：3 705–3 711.(in Chinese))
[24] 张国凯，李海波，夏 祥，等. 岩石波速与损伤演化规律研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2015，34(11)：2 270–2 277.(ZHANG Guokai，LI Haibo，XIA Xiang，et al. Wave velocity and damage development of rock[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2015，34(11)：2 270–2 277.(in Chinese))
[25] 张国凯，李海波，王明洋，等. 岩石单轴压缩下损伤表征及演化规律对比研究[J]. 岩土工程学报，2019，41(6)：1 074–1 082.(ZHANG Guokai，LI Haibo，WANG Mingyang，et al. Comparative study on the damage characterization and damage evolution of rock under uniaxial compression[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2019，41(6)：1 074–1 082.(in Chinese))
[26] 王向宇，周宏伟，钟江城，等. 三轴循环加卸载下深部煤体损伤的能量演化和渗透特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2018，37(12)：2 676–2 684.(WANG Xiangyu，ZHOU Hongwei，ZHONG Jiangcheng，et al. Study on energy evolution and permeability characteristics of deep coal damage under triaxial cyclic loading and unloading conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2018，37(12)：2 676–2 684.(in Chinese))
[27] KIM J，LEE K，CHO W，et al A Comparative evaluation of stress-strain and acoustic emission methods for quantitative damage assessments of brittle rock[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2015，48(2)：495–508.
2019, Vol. 38 
