A combined support technology of long and short bolts of#br# soft rock tunnels under high ground stresses#br#
LIU Yupeng1，XIA Caichu1，WU Fubao2，XU Chen1，DENG Yungang2#br#
(1. Department of Geotechnical Engineering，College of Civil Engineering，Tongji University，Shanghai 200092，China；
2. China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co.，Ltd.，Wuhan，Hubei 430063，China)
Abstract：Based on the elastoplastic solution of deep buried tunnels considering strain-softening characteristics，the failure mechanism of short bolt support in soft rock tunnels under high ground stresses is analyzed by means of neutral point theory of bolts，and the necessity of lengthening the bolts in soft rock tunnels under high ground stresses is demonstrated. On one hand，the increase of the confining pressure on the anchor section can improve the bonding strength between the rock and the bolt，on the other hand，the enhancement of the difference of the surrounding rock displacements at the head and end of the bolt helps to improve the anchoring effect of the bolt to the surrounding rock. By taking the supporting body with intensive short bolts as composite rock mass and the support of long bolts as an equivalent support force acting on the tunnel wall，a combined support model of long and short bolts is established. The characteristic curve of the surrounding rock supported by long and short bolts is obtained by considering the interaction between the bolts and the surrounding rock. Comparison between the characteristic curves of the surrounding rocks，respectively reinforced by short bolts and the combined support technology of long and short bolts with the same amount of bolts per meter of the tunnel，illustrates the effectiveness of the combined support technology for deformation control of soft rock tunnels under high ground stresses. The combined support technology of long and short bolts，considering the interaction between long bolts and the surrounding rock，provides a calculation method for the support length of long bolts in soft rock tunnels under high ground stresses.
刘宇鹏1，夏才初1，吴福宝2，徐 晨1，邓云纲2. 高地应力软岩隧道长、短锚杆联合支护技术研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2020, 39(1): 105-114.
LIU Yupeng1，XIA Caichu1，WU Fubao2，XU Chen1，DENG Yungang2. A combined support technology of long and short bolts of#br# soft rock tunnels under high ground stresses#br#. , 2020, 39(1): 105-114.
[1] 司贤超. 共和隧道特殊围岩段初期支护大变形处理技术[J]. 隧道建设，2010，30(增1)：400–405.(SI Xianchao. Treatment of huge deformation of primary reinforcement structure of Gonghe tunnel in special ground[J]. Tunnel Construction，2010，30(Supp.1)：400–405.(in Chinese))
[2] 南建民. 木寨岭隧道7#斜井试验段信息化施工[J]. 隧道建设，2011，31(1)：88–90.(NAN Jianmin. Information-aided construction of trial section in No.7 inclined shaft of Muzhailing tunnel[J]. Tunnel Construction，2011，31(1)：88–90.(in Chinese))
[3] 谢文兵，杨 超，钱 勋，等. 软岩巷道中锚杆支护失效的机制[J]. 矿山压力与顶板管理，1999，(2)：12–13.(XIE Wenbing，YANG Chao，QIAN Xun，et al. Failure mechanism of bolt support in soft rock roadway[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering，1999，(2)：12–13.(in Chinese))
[4] 詹 平. 深部软岩巷道巷帮长锚杆支护技术[J]. 煤炭与化工，2015，38(8)：63–66.(ZHAN Ping. Deep and soft rock roadway sides long anchor bolt support technology[J]. Coal and Chemical Industry，2015，38(8)：63–66.(in Chinese))
[5] GUO Z B，GUO P Y，HUANG M H，et al. Stability control of gate groups in deep wells[J]. Mining Science and Technology，2010，22(2)：254–259.
[6] 赵 勇. 隧道软弱围岩变形机制与控制技术研究[博士学位论文][D]. 北京：北京交通大学，2012.(ZHAO Yong. Study on deformation mechanism and control technology of weak rock surrounding tunnel[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Beijing：Beijing Jiaotong University，2012.(in Chinese))
[7] 张祉道. 家竹箐隧道施工中支护大变形的整治[J]. 世界隧道，1997，(1)：7–16.(ZHANG Zhidao. Treatment of large deformation of supporting in Jiazhuqing tunnel construction[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology，1997，(1)：7–16.(in Chinese))
[8] 胡文清，郑颖人，钟昌云. 木寨岭隧道软弱围岩段施工方法及数值分析[J]. 地下空间，2004，(2)：194–197.(HU Wenqing，ZHENG Yingren，ZHONG Changyun. Construction method and numerical analysis of soft surrounding rock section of Muzhailing tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering，2004，(2)：194–197.(in Chinese))
[9] 李廷春. 毛羽山隧道高地应力软岩大变形施工控制技术[J]. 现代隧道技术，2011，48(2)：59–67.(LI Tingchun. Large deformation control technology for Maoyushan tunnel in soft rock under high in-situ stresses[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology，2011，48(2)：59–67.(in Chinese))
[10] INDRARATNA B，KAISER P K. Analytical model for the design of grouted rock bolt[J]. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics，1990，14(4)：227–251.
[11] 晏 勤，李树忱，谢 璨，等. 锚杆加固作用下圆形隧道复合岩体围岩特征曲线解析方法研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2017，36(12)：3 021–3 027.(YAN Qin，LI Shuchen，XIE Can，et al. Analytical solution for ground characteristic curve of composite rock mass reinforced by bolts in circular tunnels[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2017，36(12)：3 021–3 027.(in Chinese))
[12] 谷拴成，周 攀，黄荣宾. 锚杆–围岩承载结构支护下隧洞稳定性分析[J]. 岩土力学，2018，39(增1)：122–130.(GU Shuancheng，ZHOU Pan，HUANG Rongbin，et al. Stability analysis of tunnel supported by bolt-surrounding rock bearing structure[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2018，39(Supp.1)：122–130.(in Chinese))
[13] FREEMAN T J. The behavior of fully-bonded rock bolts in the kielder experimental tunnel[J]. Tunnels and Tunneling，1978，(6)：37–40.
[14] 文竞舟，张永兴，王 成. 隧道围岩全长黏结式锚杆界面力学模型研究[J]. 岩土力学，2013，34(6)：1 645–1 651.(WEN Jingzhou，ZHANG Yongxing，WANG Cheng. Study of mechanical model of fully grouted rock bolt’s anchorage interface in tunnel surrounding rock[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2013，34(6)：1 645–1 651.(in Chinese))
[15] 麦倜曾，张玉军. 锚固岩体力学性质的研究[J]. 工程力学，1987，(1)：106–116.(MAI Tizeng，ZHANG Yujun. Research of the bolted rocks statical behavior[J]. Engineering Mechanics，1987，(1)：106–116.(in Chinese))
[16] 姚显春，李 宁，陈蕴生. 隧洞中全长黏结式锚杆的受力分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2005，24(13)：2 272–2 276.(YAO Xianchun，LI Ning，CHEN Yunsheng. Theoretical solution for shear stresses on interface of fully grouted bolt in tunnels[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2005，24(13)：2 272–2 276.(in Chinese))
[17] 夏才初，徐 晨，刘宇鹏，等. 基于GZZ强度准则考虑应变软化特性的深埋隧道弹塑性解[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2018，37(11)：2 468–2 477.(XIA Caichu，XU Chen，LIU Yupeng，et al. Elastoplastic solution of deep buried tunnel considering strain-softening characteristics based on GZZ strength criterion[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2018，37(11)：2 468–2 477.(in Chinese))
[18] 王立川，侯国强，刘志强，等. 茂县隧道挤压性变形段锚杆作用效果分析[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报，2019，16(4)：1 016–1 025. (WANG Lichuan，HOU Guoqiang，LIU Zhiqiang，et al. Analysis on the effects of anchor bolt in squeezing deformation section of Maoxian tunnel[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering，2019，16(4)：1 016–1 025.(in Chinese))
[19] 张和平，张 喆. 自进式锚杆在陕西某高速公路隧道的应用与效果分析[J]. 公路交通科技：应用技术版，2014，10(7)：236–237. (ZHANG Heping，ZHANG Zhe. Application and effect analysis of self-propelled bolt in a highway tunnel in Shaanxi province[J]. Highway Transportation Technology：Applied Technology，2014，10(7)：236–237.(in Chinese))
[20] HOEK E，CARRANZA-TORRES C，CORKUM B. Hoek–Brown failure criterion—2002 edition[C]// Proceedings of the North American Rock Mechanics Society NARMS–TAC 2002. HAMMAH R，BAWDEN W F，CURRAN J，et al. ed. Toronto：University of Toronto Press，2002：267–273.
[21] 夏才初，刘宇鹏，吴福宝，等. 基于西原模型的圆形隧道黏弹–黏塑性解析解[J]. 岩土力学，2019，40(5)：1 638–1 648.(XIA Caichu，LIU Yupeng，WU Fubao，et al. Viscoelasto-viscoplastic solutions for circular tunnel based on Nishihara model[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2019，40(5)：1 638–1 648.(in Chinese))
[22] 渠时勤，张 扬，贾瑞华，等. 锚杆黏结力分布和灌浆体剪移刚度的研究[J]. 重庆交通学院学报，2004，23(增1)：54–58.(QU Shiqin，ZHANG Yang，JIA Ruihua，et al. Bond strength distribution of the fully grouted cable bolts and grout¢s shearing stiffness[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University，2004，23(Supp.1)：54–58.(in Chinese))
2020, Vol. 39 
