Calculation method of artificial freezing wall closure time in seepage stratum
SUN Liqiang1，SHANG Ance1，LANG Ruiqing2，MIAO Yu3
(1. School of Civil Engineering，Tianjin University，Tianjin 300072，China；2. Key Laboratory of Soft Soil Engineering Characteristics and Engineering Environment of Tianjin，Tianjin Chengjian University，Tianjin 300384，China；3. School
of Civil Engineering and Mechanics，Huazhong University of Science and Technology，Wuhan，Hubei 430074，China)
Abstract：To solve the problem that there is no calculation method for the design of artificial freezing wall in seepage stratum in the relevant design codes，the coupled temperature field-seepage field calculation of seepage strata was realized by using COMSOL Multiphysics finite element software. The calculation results were verified by indoor tests. The development law of the temperature field with the change of seepage velocity，freezing pipe spacing and refrigerant temperature is studied by numerical calculation. The results show that when the groundwater seepage velocity is greater than the critical velocity，the freezing wall does not cross-loop and there is a good linear relationship between the critical velocity and the freezing temperature gradient. The calculation method of the critical velocity is proposed. Referring to consolidation theory，a dimensionless closure factor is proposed. The closure factor - seepage velocity curve under different freezing pipe spacing and refrigerant temperature conditions is well fitted by using the growth function curve. On this basis，the calculation method of artificial freezing closure time under seepage conditions is established. The research results can provide reference for the design and calculation of artificial freezing construction in seepage stratum.
[1] GALLARDO A H，MARUI A. The aftermath of the Fukushima nuclear accident：Measures to contain groundwater contamination[J]. Science of the Total Environment，2016，547：261–268.
[2] DASH J. Ground freezing technology for environmental remediation[M]. [S. l.]：[s. n.]，1999：241–251.
[3] HU X D，ZHANG L Y. Artificial ground freezing for rehabilitation of tunneling shield in subsea environment[J]. Advanced Materials Research，2013：734–737.
[4] PAPAKONSTANTINOU S，ANAGNOSTOU G，PIMENTEL E. Evaluation of ground freezing data from the Naples subway[J]. Geotechnical Engineering，2013，166(3)：280–298.
[5] MARWAN A，ZHOU M-M，ZAKI ABDELREHIM M，et al. Optimization of artificial ground freezing in tunneling in the presence of seepage flow[J]. Computers and Geotechnics，2016，75：112–125.
[6] VITEL M，ROUABHI A，TIJANI M，et al. Modeling heat and mass transfer during ground freezing subjected to high seepage velocities[J]. Computers and Geotechnics，2016，73：1–15.
[7] RUSSO G，CORBO A，CAVUOTO F，et al. Artificial ground freezing to excavate a tunnel in sandy soil. Measurements and back analysis[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology，2015，50：226–238.
[8] PIMENTEL E，PAPAKONSTANTINOU S，ANAGNOSTOU G. Numerical interpretation of temperature distributions from three ground freezing applications in urban tunnelling[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology，2012，28：57–69.
[9] 叶玉西，石红伟，杨明红. 伊犁矿区某矿副井冻结壁不交圈原因分析及处置[J]. 矿业工程，2013，11(6)：20–21.(YE Yuxi，SHI Hongwei，YANG Minghong. Analysis and disposal of causes of non-intersection of frozen wall in a mine sub shaft in Yili mining area[J]. Mining Engineering，2013，11(6)：20–21.(in Chinese))
[10] 任东彬. 高家堡矿井大流速自流水地层冻结技术初探[J]. 建井技术，2014，35：28–31.(REN Dongbin. Initial discussion on large velocity artesian ground freezing technology of Gaojiapu Mine[J]. Mine Construction Technology，2014，35：28–31.(in Chinese))
[11] 岳丰田，仇培云，杨国祥，等. 复杂条件下隧道联络通道冻结施工设计与实践[J]. 岩土工程学报，2006，28(5)：660–663.(YUE Fengtian，QIU Peiyun，YANG Guoxiang，et al. Design and practice of freezing method applied to connected aisle in tunnel under complex conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2006，28(5)：660–663.(in Chinese))
[12] 嵇 彭. 开放式冻结“窗口”成因的判断与治理[J]. 建筑技术，2013，44(6)：521–523.(JI Peng. Causes analyses on permeable “window”in freezing method and control measure against it[J]. Architecture Technology，2013，44(6)：521–523.(in Chinese))
[13] HARLAN R. Analysis of coupled heat-fluid transport in partially frozen soil[J]. Water Resources Research，1973，9：1 314–1 323.
[14] ZHOU M M，MESCHKE G. A three-phase thermo-hydro-mechanical finite element model for freezing soils[J]. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics，2013，37(18)：3 173–3 193.
[15] 周晓敏，王梦恕，张绪忠. 渗流作用下地层冻结壁形成的模型试验研究[J]. 煤炭学报，2005，30(2)：196–201.(ZHOU Xiaomin，WANG Mengshu，ZHANG Xuzhong. Model test research on the formation of freezing wall in seepage ground[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2005，30(2)：196–201.(in Chinese))
[16] 刘伟俊，张晋勋，单仁亮，等. 渗流作用下北京砂卵石地层多排管局部水平冻结体温度场试验[J]. 岩土力学，2019，40(9)：3 425– 3 434.(LIU Weijun，ZHANG Jinxun，SHAN Renliang，et al. Experiments on temperature field of multi-row-pipe partial horizontal freezing body in Beijing sand-gravel stratum under seepage[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2019，40(9)：3 425–3 434.(in Chinese))
[17] 周 洁，李泽垚，万 鹏，等. 组合地层渗流对人工地层冻结法及周围工程环境效应的影响[J]. 岩土工程学报，2021，43(3)：471–480.(ZHOU Jie，LI Zeyao，WAN Peng，et al. Effects of seepage in clay-sand composite strata on artificial ground freezing and surrounding engineering environment[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2021，43(3)：471–480.(in Chinese))
[18] 荣传新，王 彬，程 桦，等. 大流速渗透地层人工冻结壁形成机制室内模型试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2022，41(3)：596–613.(RONG Chuanxin，WANG Bin，CHENG Hua，et al. Laboratory model test study on formation mechanisms of artificial frozen walls in permeable strata with high seepage velocity[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2022，41(3)：596–613.(in Chinese))
[19] HU R，LIU Q，XING Y. Case study of heat transfer during artificial ground freezing with groundwater flow[J]. Water，2018，10(10)：1 322.
[20] 高 娟，冯梅梅，杨维好. 渗流作用下裂隙岩体冻结温度场分布规律研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2013，30(1)：68–73.(GAO Juan，FENG Meimei，YANG Weihao. Research on distribution law of frozen temperature field of fractured rock mass with groundwater seepage[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering，2013，30(1)：68–73.(in Chinese))
[21] CARBONELL R G，WHITAKER S. Heat and mass transfer in porous media [M]. Dordrecht：Springer Netherlands，1984：121–198.
[22] 孙德兴. 高等传热学：导热与对流的数理解析[M]. 北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2005：98–99.(SUN Dexing. Advanced Heat transfer：Mathematical analysis of heat conduction and convection[M]. Beijing：China Architecture and Building Press，2005：98–99.(in Chinese))
2023, Vol. 42 
