酸性压裂液对无烟煤动态断裂行为及能量耗散规律影响研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.0850

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摘要为探究冲击荷载作用下酸性压裂液对无烟煤断裂行为及能量耗散规律的影响，利用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)冲击加载系统对酸性压裂液和水基压裂液处理后的直切槽半圆弯曲(NSCB)无烟煤试样开展不同冲击气压下I型动态断裂韧性试验，采用高速摄像装置记录煤样裂纹扩展过程，结合Image J图像分析软件及PCAS图像识别系统定量分析煤样宏观裂纹扩展轨迹特征及断面细观孔隙概率熵值。通过对比不同冲击气压和压裂液作用下无烟煤样的入射能、吸收能、断裂能和残余动能，得出冲击荷载下酸蚀煤样动态断裂过程的能量耗散规律。研究表明：自然状态煤样的动态断裂韧度最大，酸性压裂液作用煤样在冲击气压高于0.35 MPa后表现出较水基压裂液更低的断裂韧度值，在更高加载气压条件下酸性压裂液处理后煤样的预制裂纹更易起裂。酸性压裂液处理后煤样所需断裂能与水基压裂液组煤样所需断裂能的差值随加载气压的增大不断增加，加载气压越高，酸性压裂液处理后煤样所需断裂能较水基压裂液更少。煤样断面孔隙概率熵值随冲击气压增加而不断增大，酸性压裂液作用使得煤样的断面形貌由致密整齐向疏松多孔转变。针对不同加载速率下压裂液对煤岩断裂行为的弱化和增强双重作用机制进行探讨，基于压裂液的双重性质与线弹性断裂力学理论，建立考虑加载速率的细观断裂力学模型。研究成果可为酸化压裂无烟煤裂纹起裂与扩展机制研究提供试验支撑，为煤层酸化压裂设计及压裂改造中复杂缝网形成机制及调控方法提供理论指导。

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	龚爽1
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	孙世毅1
	周永恒1
	神文龙1

关键词 ：岩石力学, 无烟煤, 断裂韧度, 酸性压裂液, 裂纹扩展, 能量耗散

Abstract：To investigate the effect of acidic fracturing fluid on the fracture behavior and energy dissipation of anthracite under impact load，a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) impact loading system was used to conduct model-I dynamic fracture toughness tests on notched semi-circular bending(NSCB) anthracite samples treated with acidic fracturing fluid and water-based fracturing fluid under varying impact pressures. The dynamic crack propagation process of coal samples was recorded by high-speed camera device. Combined with Image J analysis software and PCAS image recognition system，the macroscopic crack propagation trajectory and probability entropy of micro pores in coal samples were quantitatively analyzed. By comparing the incident energy，absorbed energy，fracture energy and residual kinetic energy of anthracite samples under different impact pressures and various fracturing fluids，the energy dissipation law of dynamic fracture process of acid corroded coal samples under impact loads was obtained. The results show that the dynamic fracture toughness of coal samples in natural state is the largest，and the fracture toughness of coal samples treated with acid fracturing fluid is lower than that of water-based fracturing fluid when the impact pressure is higher than 0.35 MPa. The prefabricated cracks in acidic fracturing fluid-treated coal samples are more likely to initiate under higher loading air pressure conditions. The difference between the fracture energy required by acid fracturing fluid group and that of water-based fracturing fluid group increases with the increase of loading pressure. The higher the loading air pressure，the less fracture energy required for the acid fracturing fluid treated coal samples compared to the water-based fracturing fluid group. The pore probability entropy value of coal sample fracture surface increases with the increase of impact pressure，and the fracture surface morphology of coal sample transforms from compact and neat to loose and porous due to the action of acid fracturing fluid. The dual mechanism of weakening and enhancing the fracture behavior of anthracite coal by fracturing fluid under different loading rates was explored，and a microscopic fracture mechanics model considering the loading rate was established based on the dual nature of fracturing fluid and the theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics. The research results provide experimental support for the investigation of crack initiation and propagation mechanism of acid fracturing for anthracite coal，and provide theoretical guidance for the design of acid fracturing in coal seam and the control method of complex fracture network.

Key words： rock mechanics anthracite fracture toughness acid fracturing fluid crack propagation energy dissipation

引用本文:

龚爽1，2，张寒松1，赵毅鑫3，孙世毅1，周永恒1，神文龙1. 酸性压裂液对无烟煤动态断裂行为及能量耗散规律影响研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2024, 43(5): 1152-1175.
GONG Shuang1，2，ZHANG Hansong1，ZHAO Yixin3，SUN Shiyi1，ZHOU Yongheng1，SHEN Wenlong1. Effects of acid fracturing fluid on dynamic fracture behavior and energy dissipation characteristics of anthracite coal. , 2024, 43(5): 1152-1175.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.0850 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2024/V43/I5/1152

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