Study on energy absorption characteristics of high-strength and high-toughness steels used for rock bolt
WANG Ding1，2，HE Manchao2，ZHOU Hui3，WANG Qi2，WANG Xuchun4
(1. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering，China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)，Beijing 100083，China；2. State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering，China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)，Beijing 100083，China；3. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering，
Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Wuhan，Hubei 430071，China；4. School of
Civil Engineering，Qingdao University of Technology，Qingdao，Shandong 266033，China)
Abstract：In deep engineering，the development and application of novel metallic materials has attracted many attentions. Although previous studies have demonstrated the importance and mechanical advantages of using high-strength and high-toughness steels in rock support system，its energy absorption characteristics under the influences of prestressing and rock loading remains still unclear. Therefore，based on the crystal plasticity method，this study takes novel high-strength and high-toughness bolt steel as an example to compare and analyze the mechanical and energy absorption characteristics of various metallic rock support materials. Meanwhile，the crystal plasticity model based on underlying physical mechanisms was used to study the effects of varying prestresses and rock loading rates on the energy absorption characteristics of high-strength and high-toughness bolt steel. The research results show that the development of energy absorption density of conventional metallic rock support materials meets a bottleneck. Distinct from the trade-off relationship between energy absorption density and ultimate tensile strength of conventional metallic rock support materials，the high strength(＞940 MPa) and large elongation(＞0.4) characteristics of novel high-strength and high-toughness bolt steel result in its extremely high energy absorption density of 3.5?108 J/m3，which is about 3–7 times that of conventional metallic rock support materials. The results of crystal plasticity simulations show that the material’s energy absorption characteristics can be further improved by adjusting the prestress and controlling the rock loading rate. For instance，the effective energy absorption rate of the material can be rapidly increased by applying high prestress，and it can resist the influence of rock loading rate. As the prestress is increased close to the yield stress of the material and the rock loading rate is controlled below 10－2 MPa/s，the high-strength and high-toughness bolt steel can obtain the largest effective strain(＞0.54) and the highest effective energy absorption density(＞4.5?108 J/m3)，which can optimize the energy absorption characteristics of high-strength and high-toughness bolt steel. The research results provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for practical application of high-strength and high-toughness steel for rock support engineering in high in-situ stress field.
王 鼎1，2，何满潮2，周 辉3，王 琦2，王旭春4. 高强高韧锚杆钢能量吸收特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2024, 43(S1): 3204-3216.
WANG Ding1，2，HE Manchao2，ZHOU Hui3，WANG Qi2，WANG Xuchun4. Study on energy absorption characteristics of high-strength and high-toughness steels used for rock bolt. , 2024, 43(S1): 3204-3216.
[1] HE M C，WANG Q，WU Q Y. Innovation and future of mining rock mechanics[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering，2021，13(1)：1–21.
[2] GU T Y，JIA L J，CHEN B，et al. Unified full-range plasticity till fracture of meta steel and structural steels[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics，2021，253：107869.
[3] 王爱文，高乾书，代连朋，等. 锚杆静–动力学特性及其冲击适用性[J]. 煤炭学报，2018，43(11)：2 999–3 006.(WANG Aiwen，GAO Qianshu，DAI Lianpeng，et al. Static and dynamic performance of rebar bolts and its adaptability under impact loading[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2018，43(11)：2 999–3 006.(in Chinese))
[4] 陈立勇，柴建铭，袁永文，等. BHRB600热轧高强韧树脂锚杆钢筋的开发[J]. 轧钢，2007，24(4)：66–69.(CHEN Liyong，CHAI Jianming，YUAN Yongwen，et al. Development of high strength and toughness BHRB 600 hot rolled resin anchor steel bars[J]. Steel Rolling，2007，24(4)：66–69.(in Chinese))
[5] KANG H P，YANG J H，MENG X Z. Tests and analysis of mechanical behaviours of rock bolt components for China?s coal mine roadways[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering，2015，7(1)：14–26.
[6] LI C C. Performance of D-bolts under static loading[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2012，45(2)：183–192.
[7] KNOX G，BERGHORST A，CROMPTON B. The relationship between the magnitude of impact velocity per impulse and cumulative absorbed energy capacity of a rock bolt[C]// Proceedings of the Fourth Australasian Ground Control in Mining Conference Proceedings. Sydney Australia：The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy，2018：160–169.
[8] LI D Q，MA S Q，LANE M，et al. Laboratory investigations into the failure mechanisms of new yielding and inflatable rockbolts under axial and shearing loading conditions[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2023，56：565–587.
[9] SHARIFZADEH M，LOU J，CROMPTON B. Dynamic performance of energy-absorbing rockbolts based on laboratory test results. Part I：evolution，deformation mechanisms，dynamic performance and classification[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology，2020，105：103510.
[10] 周松波，胡 锋，王 坤，等. 中碳贝氏体钢拉伸变形中裂纹形成及扩展机制分析[J]. 钢铁研究学报，2022，34(3)：248–256 (ZHOU Songbo，HU Feng，WANG Kun，et al. Analysis of crack formation and extension mechanism in tensile deformation of medium carbon bainitic steel[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research，2022，34(3)：248–256.(in Chinese))
[11] DE COOMAN B C，ESTRIN Y，KIM S K. Twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels[J]. Acta Materialia，2018，142：283–362.
[12] 张维娜，刘振宇，王国栋. 高锰TWIP/TRIP钢研究进展与应用[J]. 中国工程科学，2014，16(1)：40–47.(ZHANG Weina，LIU Zhenyu，WANG Guodong. State of the art for research，development and applications of high manganese TWIP/TRIP steel[J]. Strategic Study of CAE，2014，16(1)：40–47.(in Chinese))
[13] RAABE D，SUN B，KWIATKOWSKI DA SILVA A，et al. Current challenges and opportunities in microstructure-related properties of advanced high-strength steels[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A，2020，51(11)：5 517–5 586.
[14] ZHU G H，SUN G Y，YU H，et al. Energy absorption of metal，composite and metal/composite hybrid structures under oblique crushing loading[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences，2018，135：458–483.
[15] ASHBY M F. Chapter 3-engineering materials and their properties[M]. 4th ed. Oxford：Butterworth-Heinemann，2011：31–56.
[16] WANG D，HE M C，TAO Z G，et al. Deformation-softening behaviors of high-strength and high-toughness steels used for rock bolts[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering，2022，14(6)：1 872–1 884.
[17] 何满潮，郭志飚. 恒阻大变形锚杆力学特性及其工程应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2014，33(7)：1 297–1 308.(HE Manchao，GUO Zhibiao. Mechanical property and engineering application of anchor bolt with constant resistance and large deformation[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2014，33(7)：1 297–1 308.(in Chinese))
[18] 何满潮，李 晨，宫伟力，等. NPR锚杆/索支护原理及大变形控制技术[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2016，35(8)：1 513–1 529.(HE Manchao，LI Chen，GONG Weili，et al. Support principles of NPR bolts/cables and control techniques of large deformation[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2016，35(8)：1 513–1 529. (in Chinese))
[19] HE M C，XIA M，GUO H Y，et al. NPR steel material for rock bolt and production method[P]. USA：US20210062311A1，2021–03–04.
[20] 何满潮，郭洪燕，夏 敏. NPR锚杆钢材料及其生产方法[P]. 中国：CN108754339A，2018–11–06.(HE Manchao，GUO Hongyan，XIA Min. NPR steel material for rock bolt and production method[P]. China：CN108754339A，2018–11–06.(in Chinese))
[21] 陶志刚，郭爱鹏，何满潮，等. 微观负泊松比锚杆静力学特性及其工程应用研究[J]. 岩土力学，2022，43(3)：808–818.(TAO Zhigang，GUO Aipeng，HE Manchao，et al. Static characteristics and engineering applications of micro negative Poisson?s ratio bolt[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2022，43(3)：808–818.(in Chinese))
[22] SHAO S W，SHANG H S，FENG H B，et al. Study on the mechanical properties of NPR steel bars and the bonding properties with marine concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials，2022，316：125721.
[23] SUI Q R，HE M C，HE P F，et al. State of the art review of the large deformation rock bolts[J]. Underground Space，2022，7(3)：465–482.
[24] SHANTHRAJ P，DIEHL M，EISENLOHR P，et al. Spectral solvers for crystal plasticity and multi-physics simulations[M]. Singapore：Springer Singapore，2019：1–25.
[25] CHEN J H，LI D Q. Numerical simulation of fully encapsulated rock bolts with a tri-linear constitutive relation[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology，2022，120：104265.
[26] LI D Q，LI Y C，CHEN J H，et al. An analytical model for axial performance of rock bolts under constant confining pressure based on continuously yielding criterion[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology，2021，113：103955.
[27] TAO Z G，LUO S L，QIAO Y F，et al. Key factors analysis and constitutive equation modification of a macro-NPR bolt for achieving high constant resistance and large deformation characteristics[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2021，147：104911.
[28] WONG S L，MADIVALA M，PRAHL U，et al. A crystal plasticity model for twinning- and transformation-induced plasticity[J]. Acta Materialia，2016，118：140–151.
[29] LI C C，STJERN G，MYRVANG A. A review on the performance of conventional and energy-absorbing rockbolts[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering，2014，6(4)：315–327.
[30] ROTERS F，DIEHL M，SHANTHRAJ P，et al. DAMASK – The Düsseldorf advanced material simulation kit for modeling multi-physics crystal plasticity，thermal，and damage phenomena from the single crystal up to the component scale[J]. Computational Materials Science，2019，158：420–478.
[31] WANG D，DIEHL M，ROTERS F，et al. On the role of the collinear dislocation interaction in deformation patterning and laminate formation in single crystal plasticity[J]. Mechanics of Materials，2018，125：70–79.
[32] WANG D，SHANTHRAJ P，SPRINGER H，et al. Particle-induced damage in Fe–TiB2 high stiffness metal matrix composite steels[J]. Materials and Design，2018，160：557–571.
[33] DIEHL M，WANG D，LIU C L，et al. Solving material mechanics and multiphysics problems of metals with complex microstructures using DAMASK—The Düsseldorf advanced material simulation kit[J]. Advanced Engineering Materials，2020，22(3)：1901044.
[34] MADIVALA M，SCHWEDT A，WONG S L，et al. Temperature dependent strain hardening and fracture behavior of TWIP steel[J]. International Journal of Plasticity，2018，104：80–103.
[35] 章海明，徐 帅，李 倩，等. 晶体塑性理论及模拟研究进展[J]. 塑性工程学报，2020，27(5)：12–32. (ZHANG Haiming，XU Shuai，LI Qian，et al. Progress of crystal plasticity theory and simulations[J]. Journal of Plasticity Engineering，2020，27(5)：12–32.(in Chinese))
[36] EISENLOHR P，DIEHL M，LEBENSOHN R A，et al. A spectral method solution to crystal elasto-viscoplasticity at finite strains[J]. International Journal of Plasticity，2013，46：37–53.
[37] BLUM W，EISENLOHR P. Dislocation mechanics of creep[J]. Materials Science and Engineering：A，2009，510–511：7–13.
[38] BLUM W，EISENLOHR P. Deformation strength of nanocrystalline thin films[J]. Journal of Materials Science and Technology，2017，33(7)：718–722.
2024, Vol. 43 
