Study on monitoring and control of rock burst in deep hard rock based on bolt pre-tightening force
ZHANG Xiaojun1，2，3，LIU Xiao1，HE Junling1
(1. School of Resources and Environment，Shandong University of Technology，Zibo，Shandong 255000，China；2. Institution of Mining Engineering and Technology，Shandong University of Technology，Zibo，Shandong 255000，China；3. Key Laboratory of Engineering Geophysical Prospecting and Detection of Chinese Geophysical Society，Wuhan，Hubei 430010，China)
Abstract：Aiming at the insufficiency of rockburst monitoring and prevention and control research in deep hard rock，a rockburst monitoring method for the pre-tightening force of bolt was proposed，the monitoring system of the pre-tightening force of bolt was developed，a biaxial compression test of anchor specimens was carried out，and the pre-tightening force of bolt and plate were analyzed，and the anchor spacing design methodology for rockburst prevention and control was determined. The results show that the pre-tightening force of bolt is highly sensitive to the micro-deformation of hard rock，and has a good correspondence with the evolution process of rockburst deformation，damage and fracture，and can be predicted by monitoring the pre-tightening force of bolt；compared with the instantaneous rockburst，time delayed rockburst is characterized by multiple obvious sudden increase peaks in the pre-tightening force of bolt. With the increase of depth of the anchored surrounding rock，the anchor prestress continues to decay and the influence range increases. With the increase of the pressure spread angle，the faster the anchor prestress decays with depth and the more obvious the increase of the influence range. The critical depth is defined，and the critical depth formula is given，and the optimized formula of the spacing of the anchor plate is derived based on the critical depth，and the anchor pre-stressing(tightening) force principle used for designing the spacing of the anchors is put forward to get the optimized spacing of the design of the anchor plate，and the design method highlights the control on the shallow part of the surrounding rock，and is particularly applicable to the design of the shallow control and prevention for the surrounding rock hazards such as the rockburst；The contact between the anchor plate and the surface of the surrounding rock affects the anchoring effect. It should be ensured that the anchor plate is in full contact with the surface of the surrounding rock，to ensure that the pre-tightening force of bolt is effectively transmitted and exerted effect to the surface of and the inner of the surrounding rock through the plate. The research results have good guidance and reference significance for prestressing anchor anchorage mechanism，rockburst monitoring，prediction and forecasting，prevention and control.
张晓君1，2，3，刘 啸1，何俊玲1. 基于锚杆预紧力的深部硬岩岩爆监测及防控研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2024, 43(S1): 3498-3506.
ZHANG Xiaojun1，2，3，LIU Xiao1，HE Junling1. Study on monitoring and control of rock burst in deep hard rock based on bolt pre-tightening force. , 2024, 43(S1): 3498-3506.
[1] 田宝柱，刘善军，张艳博，等. 花岗岩巷道岩爆过程红外辐射时空演化特征室内模拟试验研究[J]. 岩土力学，2016，37(3)：711–717.(TIAN Baozhu，LIU Shanjun，ZHANG Yanbo，et al. Laboratory simulation of temporospatial evolution characteristics of infrared radiation in the process of rockburst in granite tunnel[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2016，37(3)：711–717.(in Chinese))
[2] 张艳博，于光远，田宝柱，等. 花岗岩巷道岩爆声发射信号主频特性试验研究[J]. 岩土力学，2017，38(5)：1 258–1 266.(ZHANG Yanbo，YU Guangyuan，TIAN Baozhu，et al. Experimental study of acoustic emission signal dominant-frequency characteristics of rockburst in a granite tunnel[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2017，38(5)：1 258–1 266.(in Chinese))
[3] 苗金丽，何满潮，李德建，等. 花岗岩应变岩爆声发射特征及微观断裂机制[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2009，28(8)：1 593–1 603. (MIAO Jinli，HE Manchao，LI Dejian，et al. Acoustic emission characteristics of granite under strain rockburst test and its micro-fracture mechanism[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2009，28(8)：1 593–1 603.(in Chinese))
[4] 贾雪娜，姜全果，何满潮，等. 莱州花岗岩应变岩爆实验声发射频谱特征分析[J]. 地下空间与工程学报，2018，14(1)：51–57.(JIA Xuena，JIANG Quanguo，HE Manchao，et al. Experiment research on acoustic emission spectral characteristics of granite strain bursts from Laizhou[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering，2018，14(1)：51–57.(in Chinese))
[5] 高 运，祁 浩，李春晓，等. 花岗岩岩爆试验声发射源时空分布特征研究[J]. 地下空间与工程学报，2023，19(2)：474–485.(GAO Yun，QI Hao，LI Chunxiao，et al. Study on space-time distribution characteristics of the acoustic emission sources in granite strain rockburst experiment[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering，2023，19(2)：474–485.(in Chinese))
[6] 苏国韶，燕思周，闫召富，等. 真三轴加载条件下岩爆过程的声发射演化特征[J]. 岩土力学，2019，40(5)：1 673–1 682(SU Guoshao，YAN Sizhou，YAN Zhaofu，et al. Evolution characteristics of acoustioc emission in rockburst process under true-triaxial loading conditions[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2019，40(5)：1 673–1 682.(in Chinese))
[7] GANNE P，TVERVOOR A，WEVERS M. Quantification of pre-peak brittle damage：Correlation between acoustic emission and observed micro-fracturing[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2006，44(5)：720–729.
[8] 吝曼卿，高成程，夏元友，等. 梯度应力作用下模型试件声发射-红外特征及岩爆孕育演化研究[J]. 山东科技大学学报：自然科学版，2022，41(2)：31–41.(LIN Manqing，GAO Chengcheng，XIA Yuanyou，et al. Acoustice mission-infrared characteristics of model specimen and evolution of rockburst under gradient stress[J]. Shandong University of Science and Technology：Natural Science，2022，41(2)：31–41.(in Chinese))
[9] 张晓君，林芊君，李海洲，等. 基于超声波平测的巷(隧)道岩爆破裂演化试验研究[J]. 矿业研究与开发，2016，36(12)：75–79.(ZHANG Xiaojun，LIN Qianjun，LI Haizhou，et al. Experimental study on fracture evolution of roadways(tunnels) rockburst based on the ultrasonic plane testing method[J]. Mining Research and Development，2016，36(12)：75–79.(in Chinese))
[10] 赵周能，冯夏庭，陈炳瑞. 深埋隧洞TBM掘进微震与岩爆活动规律研究[J]. 岩土工程学报，2017，39(7)：1 206–1 215.(ZHAO Zhouneng，FENG Xiating，CHEN Bingrui. Activity laws of microseisms and rockbursts in deep tunnels by TBM tunneling[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2017，39(7)：1 206–1 215.(in Chinese))
[11] 陈炳瑞，冯夏庭，曾雄辉，等. 深埋隧洞TBM掘进微震实时监测与特征分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2011，30(2)：275–283.(CHEN Bingrui，FENG Xiating，ZENG Xionghui，et al. Real-time microseismic monitoring and its characteristic analysis during TBM tunneling in deep-buried tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2011，30(2)：275–283.(in Chinese))
[12] 王 俊. 基于微震监测的引汉济渭秦岭隧洞岩爆预测研究[J]. 水利建设与管理，2019，(11)：7–12.(WANG Jun. Study on rock burst prediction of Hanjiang River-to-Weihe River Qinling Water Conveyance Tunnel based on microseismic monitoring[J]. Water Conservancy Construction and Management，2019，(11)：7–12.(in Chinese))
[13] 马天辉，唐春安，唐烈先，等. 基于微震监测技术的岩爆预测机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2016，35(3)：470–483.(MA Tianhui，TANG Chun?an，TANG Liexian，et al. Mechanism of rock burst forcasting based on microseismic monitoring technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2016，35(3)：470–483.(in Chinese))
[14] 于 群，唐春安，李连崇，等. 基于微震监测的锦屏二级水电站深埋隧洞岩爆孕育过程分析[J]. 岩土工程学报，2014，36(12)：2 315–2 322.(YU Qun，TANG Chun?an，LI Lianchong，et al. Nucleation process of rockbursts based on microseismic monitoring of deep-buried tunnels for Jinping II hydropower station[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2014，36(12)：2 315–2 322.(in Chinese))
[15] 杜立杰，王佳兴，洪开荣，等. TBM施工岩爆微震监测的准确率及适用性研究[J]. 土木工程学报，2020，53(增1)：278–285.(DU Lijie，WANG Jiaxing，HONG Kairong，et al. Accuracy and applicability of microseismic monitoring of rock burst in TBM construction[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal，2020，53(Supp.1)：278–285.(in Chinese))
[16] 吴 涛，CAO Chen，赵象卓，等. 不同肋间距锚杆锚固性能实验室试验研究[J]. 煤炭学报，2017，42(10)：2 545–2 553.(WU Tao，CAO Chen，ZHAO Xiangzhuo，et al. Laboratory study of anchorage performance in different rib spacing of bolt[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2017，42(10)：2 545–2 553.(in Chinese))
[17] 林 健，杨景贺. 不同杆体外形树脂锚杆锚固与安设性能对比试验研究[J]. 煤炭学报，2015，40(2)：286–292.(LIN Jian，YANG Jinghe. Comparative test on anchoring and setting performance of resin bolts with different rod shapes[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2015，40(2)：286–292.(in Chinese))
[18] CAI Y，ESAKI T，JIANG Y J. An analytical model to predict axial load in grouted rock bolt for soft rock tunnelling[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research，2004，19(6)：607–618.
[19] BOBET A，EINSTEIN H H. Tunnel reinforcement with rockbolts[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology，2011，26(1)：100–123.
[20] 李 冲，徐金海，李 明. 全长锚固预应力锚杆杆体受力特征分析[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2013，30(2)：188–193.(LI Chong，XU Jinhai，LI Ming. The mechanical characteristics analysis of fully anchored pre-stressed bolts in coal mines[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering，2013，30(2)：188–193.(in Chinese))
[21] 余 涛，方 勇，姚志刚，等. 隧道预应力锚杆锚固结构承载效应及围岩力学分析[J]. 岩土工程学报，2022，44(6)：1 069–1 077.(YU Tao，FANG Yong，YAO Zhigang，et al. Bearing effect of prestressed bolt-anchored structures and mechanical analysis of surrounding rock[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2022，44(6)：1 069–1 077.(in Chinese))
[22] 宋 洋，李永启，王韦颐，等. 加锚节理岩体剪切蠕变特性及其本构模型分析[J]. 煤炭学报，2020，45(4)：1 357–1 366.(SONG Yang，LI Yongqi，WANG Weiyi，et al. Shear creep characteristics and constitutive model analysis of jointed rock mass[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2020，45(4)：1 357–1 366.(in Chinese))
[23] 宋 洋，李永启. 锚杆松弛与岩体蠕变耦合预应力损失模型研究[J]. 地下空间与工程学报，2021，17(4)：1 091–1 098.(SONG Yang，LI Yongqi. Study on the model of prestress loss coupled with cable relaxation and rock creep[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering，2021，17(4)：1 091–1 098.(in Chinese))
2024, Vol. 43 
