基于锚杆预紧力的深部硬岩岩爆监测及防控研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.0467

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摘要针对深部硬岩岩爆监测及防控研究的不足，提出锚杆预紧力岩爆监测方法，研制锚杆预紧力监测系统，开展锚固体试样双轴压缩试验，分析锚杆预应力和垫板，确定岩爆防控的锚杆间距设计方法。结果表明，锚杆预紧力对硬岩微小变形具有很强的敏感性，与岩爆变形损伤破裂演化进程具有很好的对应关系，可以通过监测锚杆预紧力来预测岩爆；与即时岩爆相比，时滞型岩爆表现为锚杆预紧力呈现多个明显的突增峰值；随着锚固围岩的深度增加，锚杆预应力不断衰减，影响范围不断增加；随着压力扩散角增加，锚杆预应力随深度衰减越快，影响范围增加越明显；定义了临界深度，给出了临界深度公式，基于临界深度得出了优化的锚杆垫板间距公式，提出了用于锚杆间距设计的锚杆预应(紧)力原理，得到了优化的锚杆垫板设计间距，该设计方法突出了对围岩浅部的控制，特别适用针对岩爆等围岩灾害的浅部防控设计；锚杆垫板与围岩表面接触情况影响锚固效果，应确保垫板与围岩表面充分接触，保证锚杆预紧力通过垫板向围岩表面及内部有效传递和产生作用；研究结果对预应力锚杆锚固机制、岩爆监测、预测预报及防控等具有很好的指导和借鉴意义。

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	张晓君1
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	刘啸1
	何俊玲1

关键词 ：岩石力学, 深部硬岩, 锚杆预紧力, 岩爆监测, 垫板, 流变, 接触系数

Abstract：Aiming at the insufficiency of rockburst monitoring and prevention and control research in deep hard rock，a rockburst monitoring method for the pre-tightening force of bolt was proposed，the monitoring system of the pre-tightening force of bolt was developed，a biaxial compression test of anchor specimens was carried out，and the pre-tightening force of bolt and plate were analyzed，and the anchor spacing design methodology for rockburst prevention and control was determined. The results show that the pre-tightening force of bolt is highly sensitive to the micro-deformation of hard rock，and has a good correspondence with the evolution process of rockburst deformation，damage and fracture，and can be predicted by monitoring the pre-tightening force of bolt；compared with the instantaneous rockburst，time delayed rockburst is characterized by multiple obvious sudden increase peaks in the pre-tightening force of bolt. With the increase of depth of the anchored surrounding rock，the anchor prestress continues to decay and the influence range increases. With the increase of the pressure spread angle，the faster the anchor prestress decays with depth and the more obvious the increase of the influence range. The critical depth is defined，and the critical depth formula is given，and the optimized formula of the spacing of the anchor plate is derived based on the critical depth，and the anchor pre-stressing(tightening) force principle used for designing the spacing of the anchors is put forward to get the optimized spacing of the design of the anchor plate，and the design method highlights the control on the shallow part of the surrounding rock，and is particularly applicable to the design of the shallow control and prevention for the surrounding rock hazards such as the rockburst；The contact between the anchor plate and the surface of the surrounding rock affects the anchoring effect. It should be ensured that the anchor plate is in full contact with the surface of the surrounding rock，to ensure that the pre-tightening force of bolt is effectively transmitted and exerted effect to the surface of and the inner of the surrounding rock through the plate. The research results have good guidance and reference significance for prestressing anchor anchorage mechanism，rockburst monitoring，prediction and forecasting，prevention and control.

Key words： rock mechanics deep hard rock bolt pre-tightening force rockburst monitoring cushion plate rheology contact coefficient

引用本文:

张晓君1，2，3，刘啸1，何俊玲1. 基于锚杆预紧力的深部硬岩岩爆监测及防控研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2024, 43(S1): 3498-3506.
ZHANG Xiaojun1，2，3，LIU Xiao1，HE Junling1. Study on monitoring and control of rock burst in deep hard rock based on bolt pre-tightening force. , 2024, 43(S1): 3498-3506.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.0467 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2024/V43/IS1/3498

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