低刚度加载诱发煤样冲击破坏特征及其机制

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.1038

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摘要冲击地压刚度理论认为加载刚度降低是煤柱冲击的必要条件之一，为量化低刚度加载对煤体力学性质及破坏特征的影响，选取不同弹性模量岩石材料与煤样构成不同刚度比组合试样，岩石作为煤样的直接加载体，实现对煤样的低刚度加载，获取煤岩组合试样各项力学参数，并分析其宏、细观破坏特征；收集煤样破坏后碎屑，量化碎屑尺度及散落空间分布特征，利用高速相机记录煤样碎屑弹射过程，获取弹射碎屑的体积、速度、动量及动能等参量描述其弹射特征，以碎屑尺度、散落空间分布及弹射特征，定量评价组合试样中煤样破坏烈度。利用黏贴于试样表面应变片获取加载过程变形特征，结合试验机记录载荷数据，计算能量演化，从能量角度分析组合试样中煤样冲击破坏机制。研究发现：(1) 组合试样中煤样均发生冲击破坏，加载阶段岩石被压缩而积累弹性应变能，当煤样破坏时，所积累能量中超过90%随岩石回弹变形而释放对煤样做功，导致煤样冲击破坏。(2) 组合试样轴向变形是岩石和煤样变形的综合，峰值强度时刻煤样轴向变形量相对恒定，不同组合模式下，组合试样轴向变形量的差异主要取决于岩石，峰值强度时刻岩石轴向应变随弹性模量增大而减速降低。(3) 随岩石弹性模量降低，峰前变形量呈反比例函数增大，弹性应变能积累量增加，峰后能量释放量急速增大，导致煤样破坏烈度随岩石弹性模量降低而非线性加剧。(4) 峰值强度时刻岩石轴向应变、煤样破坏烈度等参量随组合试样中岩石弹性模量演化规律的非线性特征突出：当岩石与煤样弹性模量处于同一量级时，各参量对岩石弹性模量变化响应显著；当岩石弹性模量显著高于煤样时，各参量对岩石弹性模量响应程度减弱。

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	卢志国1
	2
	高富强1
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	3
	鞠文君1
	2
	3
	娄金福1
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	3
	白刚4
	董双勇1
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	孙卓越1
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	杨磊1
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	李建忠1
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关键词 ：岩石力学, 煤岩组合试样, 冲击破坏, 力学性质, 变形特征, 能量演化, 破坏烈度

Abstract：In order to study the mechanical properties and failure characteristics of the coal-rock combination with different stiffness ratios，coal samples and rock samples with different elastic modulus were combined to construct composite coal-rock samples for tests. Uniaxial compressive tests were carried out to evaluate the response of the combined samples including the macro and micro failure characteristics. The debris of coal samples was collected after test to quantify the spacial and scale distribution characteristics. The ejection process of the debris during failure was recorded using a high-speed camera and then used to analyze the ejection parameters such as the volume，velocity，momentum and kinetic energy of the debris which were then used to quantitatively evaluate the damage intensity of coal samples with different stiffness ratio combinations. The deformation characteristics of the loading process are obtained by using the strain gauge pasted on the surface of the sample，and the energy evolution is calculated by combining the load data recorded by the testing machine. The impact failure mechanism of the middling coal sample of the combined sample is analyzed from the energy perspective. The research findings are as follows：(1) Impact failure occurs to middling coal samples of combined samples，and the rock is compressed during the loading stage to accumulate elastic strain energy. When the coal sample is damaged，more than 90% of the accumulated energy releases to work on the coal sample with the rebound deformation of the rock，leading to the impact failure of the coal sample. (2) The axial deformation of composite specimens is a comprehensive deformation of rock and coal samples. The axial deformation of coal samples is relatively constant at peak strength，and the difference in axial deformation of composite specimens under different combination modes mainly depends on the rock. The axial strain of rock at peak strength decreases with the increase of elastic modulus. (3) As the elastic modulus of the rock decreases，the pre peak deformation increases in an inverse proportional function，the accumulation of elastic strain energy increases，and the post peak energy release rapidly increases，leading to a nonlinear intensification of the coal sample failure intensity as the elastic modulus of the rock decreases. (4) The nonlinear characteristics of parameters such as axial strain of rock at peak strength and failure intensity of coal samples with respect to the evolution of rock elastic modulus in composite samples are prominent：when the elastic modulus of rock and coal samples is at the same level，the response of each parameter to the change of rock elastic modulus is significant；When the elastic modulus of rocks is significantly higher than that of coal samples，the response of various parameters to the elastic modulus of rocks weakens.

Key words： rock mechanics composite coal-rock sample impact failure mechanical property deformation characteristics energy evolution destructive intensity

引用本文:

卢志国1，2，高富强1，2，3，鞠文君1，2，3，娄金福1，2，3，白刚4，董双勇1，2，孙卓越1，2，杨磊1，2，李建忠1，2. 低刚度加载诱发煤样冲击破坏特征及其机制[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2024, 43(6): 1455-1467.
LU Zhiguo1，2，GAO Fuqiang1，2，3，JU Wenjun1，2，3，LOU Jinfu1，2，3，BAI Gang4，DONG Shuangyong1，2，SUN Zhuoyue1，2，YANG Lei1，2，LI Jianzhong1，2. Characteristics and mechanism of coal sample impact failure induced by low stiffness loading. , 2024, 43(6): 1455-1467.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.1038 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2024/V43/I6/1455

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