深部坚硬顶板工作面冲击地压多元协同防控技术

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.1074

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摘要深部坚硬顶板工作面后方容易形成大面积悬顶，应变能积聚程度高、释放速度快，诱发顶板动载和冲击地压灾害。为实现坚硬顶板工作面冲击地压的有效防控，以古城煤矿1123工作面为工程背景，采用理论分析、物理模拟和现场实测手段研究采空区膏体充填对坚硬顶板运动模式的影响，提出冲击地压多元协同防控技术。实测表明工作面初采阶段充实率低于80%，断层影响区采动应力集中程度高，厚顶煤和坚硬顶板存在局部动力破坏现象，成为诱发冲击的危险源。构建充填体支撑下的坚硬顶板沉降模型，发现非充分压实区长度和坚硬顶板内部最大拉应力随充实率升高呈对数型降低趋势。沉降模型计算结果表明1123工作面采空区充实率达到90%，坚硬顶板运动模式将由周期破断型向连续沉降型转变。提出厚顶煤破碎区二次高压注浆技术，注浆后厚顶煤膨胀下沉量减少5%，充实率提升至90%以上。微震监测和物理相似模拟结果表明1123工作面高充实率条件下，坚硬顶板未发生破断现象，避免了应变能释放引起的采场强动载和顶板断裂型冲击地压。为防止坚硬顶板下沉引起的煤体强压缩型冲击地压，在采空区充填、厚顶煤注浆措施的基础上，提出坚硬顶板预裂爆破、大直径钻孔卸压措施，形成了集四位于一体的冲击地压多元协同防控技术；大尺度爆破裂隙超前释能，顶板低能量微震事件占比升至64.7%，充填体快速承载，采动应力集中程度降低，坚硬顶板缓慢下沉，液压支架急增阻现象消失，表明“四位一体”协同防控技术在深部坚硬顶板工作面实现了降载减冲目的，降低了1123工作面顶板强动载和冲击地压灾害风险。

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	孙文超1
	王兆会1
	李强2
	王伟1
	曹鹏2
	徐虎3

关键词 ：采矿工程, 冲击地压, 充填开采, 坚硬顶板, 充实率, 协同控制

Abstract：A significant amount of roof overhang can be formed behind the deep hard roof working faces. This can result in a high degree of strain energy accumulation and fast release speed，which can induce roof dynamic load and rock burst disasters. To achieve effectively control of rock burst disasters in the hard roof working face，taking the 1123 longwall panel of Gucheng coal mine as the background，theoretical analysis，physical simulation and on-site measurement are used to study the influence of the backfilling ratio on the movement model of the hard roof，and to propose the multiple synergetic control technology. At the primary mining stage，the backfilling ratio is less than 80%，the concentration of the mining stress in the fault-influenced area is high，and the thick top coal and hard roof exhibit local dynamic damage，which becomes a significant risk of inducing rock burst. The subsidence movement model of the hard roof under the backfilling body supporting is established，and the length of the insufficiently compacted zone and the maximum tensile stress inside the hard roof show a logarithmic decreasing tendency with the increase of the backfilling ratio. The subsidence model shows that the backfilling ratio reaches up to 90%，so that the movement mode of the hard roof is changed from periodic breaking to continuous subsidence. The proposed secondary high-pressure grouting technology reduces the volume of thick top coal expansion and sinking by 5% after grouting. Additionally，the backfilling ratio of the gob area is increased to over 90%. The microseismic monitoring and physical simulation results indicate that a high backfilling ratio prevented the hard roof from breaking. This prevented strong dynamic loading of the stope and rock burst of roof fracture type caused by the release of strain energy. To prevent coal body compression-type rock burst caused by hard roof subsidence，pre-splitting blasting of the hard roof and large-diameter drilling pressure relief measures are proposed based on filling the gob area and thick top coal grouting measures，forming the “four-in-one” multiple synergistic control technology for rock burst disaster. The large-scale blasting fracture in front of the working face released energy，resulting in an increased proportion of low energy microseismic events on the roof to 64.7%. The backfilling body was loaded quickly，reducing the degree of mining stress concentration. The hard roof subsided slowly，and the phenomenon of rapid increase in resistance of the hydraulic support disappeared. The use of synergistic prevention and control technology has successfully reduced the load and impact on the deep and hard roof working face，and reduced the risk of strong dynamic load and rock burst disaster of the 1123 longwall panel.

Key words： mining engineering rock burst backfilling mining hard roof backfilling ratio synergistic control

引用本文:

孙文超1，王兆会1，李强2，王伟1，曹鹏2，徐虎3. 深部坚硬顶板工作面冲击地压多元协同防控技术[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2024, 43(7): 1736-1750.
SUN Wenchao1，WANG Zhaohui1，LI Qiang2，WANG Wei1，CAO Peng2，XU Hu3. Multiple synergistic control technology of rock burst disasters in deep hard roof working faces. , 2024, 43(7): 1736-1750.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.1074 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2024/V43/I7/1736

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