动载作用下含孔锚固体力学特性及破坏机制研究

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摘要支护和卸压是冲击地压巷道防护的常规措施，为探究2种方法对冲击地压巷道围岩控制的协同防控作用，利用分离式霍普金森压杆开展含孔锚固体的动态冲击压缩试验，分析锚杆与预制钻孔对试样动态力学特性、能量耗散及破裂演化的影响规律。试验结果表明：锚杆可显著提高试样的动态抗冲击能力，但锚杆数量与试样动态强度之间并不呈现简单的正比关系，其锚固强化效果受周边钻孔控制。加锚处理后，钻孔周边的拉裂纹抑制明显，远场裂纹的发育程度明显提高，试样的冲击破坏模式由无锚的拉剪复合破坏转变为加锚后的劈裂拉伸破坏。锚杆和钻孔的存在均会导致试样耗散能增加，但两者的作用原理不同：钻孔为围岩变形提供补偿空间的同时，延长破坏阶段时间，使得该阶段产生更多裂隙；而锚杆是通过在动载冲击过程中与岩石试样共同变形，抑制大裂隙的扩展，产生更多微小裂隙，因此加锚试样的耗散能量比最高。基于弹性应力波理论和弹塑性力学理论，建立考虑卸压孔释能、锚固结构吸能的深部巷道锚固承载结构冲击破坏力学判据和能量准则，提出受动载威胁巷道卸固体系的优化设计方法。研究成果能够为深部动载威胁巷道工程卸固体系设计提供一定的科学依据。

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	陈淼1
	肖灿1
	王肖珊2
	张广超1
	臧传伟1
	李奇1
	王子辉1
	涂宏远1

关键词 ：岩石力学, 冲击地压, 钻孔卸压, 破裂模式, 动态强度, 锚杆加固

Abstract：Support and pressure relief are conventional measures for rock burst roadway protection. To explore the synergistic prevention and control effect of the two methods on rock burst of roadway surrounding rock，the dynamic impact compression test of anchored specimens with prefabricated drilling holes was carried out using the Separated Hopkinson pressure bar syestem，and the influence of anchor bolt and hole on the dynamic mechanical characteristics，energy dissipation law and fracture evolution of the specimen was analyzed. The experimental results show that the bolt can significantly improve the dynamic impact resistance of the specimen，but there is no simple proportional relationship between the number of bolts and the dynamic strength of the specimen，and the anchoring strengthening effect is controlled by the surrounding drilling holes. After anchoring treatment，the tensile crack around the borehole is inhibited，the propagation of the far-field crack is increased obviously，and the dynamic failure mode of the specimen changes from the tension-shear failure without anchoring to the split-tensile failure after anchoring. The existence of both anchor rod and borehole will lead to the increase of dissipative energy of the specimen，but the action principle of the two is different：borehole provides compensation space for the deformation of surrounding rock while prolonging the time of failure stage，resulting in more cracks propagated in this stage. In comparison，the bolt deforms with the rock specimen during the dynamic load，inhibiting the development of large cracks and producing more small cracks. Therefore，the energy dissipation ratio of the anchored sample is the highest. Based on the elastic stress wave theory and the elastic-plastic mechanics theory，the mechanical criterion and energy criterion for the impact failure of deep roadway anchorage bearing structure considering the energy release from pressure relief holes and the energy absorption of anchorage structure are established，and the optimal design method of roadway unloading system threatened by the dynamic load is proposed. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the roadway engineering design threatened by dynamic load.

Key words： rock mechanics rockburst borehole pressure relief failure mode dynamic strength anchor reinforcement

引用本文:

陈淼1，肖灿1，王肖珊2，张广超1，臧传伟1，李奇1，王子辉1，涂宏远1. 动载作用下含孔锚固体力学特性及破坏机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(2): 342-358.
CHEN Miao1，XIAO Can1，WANG Xiaoshan2，ZHANG Guangchao1，ZANG Chuanwei1，LI Qi1，WANG Zihui1，TU Hongyuan1. Study on dynamic characteristics and failure mechanism of anchorage body with holes under dynamic load. , 2025, 44(2): 342-358.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I2/342

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