Study on the zoning characteristics and fracture rotation behavior of overburden strata in steeply inclined coal seams
DU Zhaowen1，WEN Zhuoyue1，PAN Changwen1，WANG Feiyu1，LIU Xiaoming2，LIU Haibing2，LYU Jianhua3
(1. College of Energy and Mining Engineering，Shandong University of Science and Technology，Qingdao，Shandong 266590，China；2. Shanxi Xingxian China Resources Liansheng Guanjiaya Coal Co.，Ltd.，Lvliang，Shanxi 033600，China；
3. Shandong Energy New Mining Group Inner Mongolia Energy the Great Wall Three Mine，Erdos，
Inner Mongolia 017000，China)
Abstract：In order to study the mechanical response behavior of overlying strata in steeply inclined coal seams，the stress distribution patterns and energy accumulation characteristics of the overburden were analyzed through theoretical analysis，numerical simulation and field measurements. The evolution law of destruction in the overlying strata was established，elucidating the interaction mechanisms of the overburden structures in different regions during the rotation process. Additionally，he fracture rotation behavior of the overlying rock strata in steeply inclined coal seams was discussed. The results show that the bending momentin the short side direction of the roof in steeply inclined coal seams is large，with the maximum principal bending moment in the middle area exhibiting a “trapezoidal-heart-shaped”distribution. Conversely，the maximum principal bending moments on both long sides display an“oblique trapezoidal”characteristic. Notably，the elastic energy is released substantially in the middle upper parts of the overlying strata，and the overall energy characteristics of the roof show an evolutionary trend of release in the middle upper parts，oblique extension at the upper end，and dip expansion at the lower part as the advancement distance increases. The advanced elastic energy in the middle upper parts of the roof is relatively concentrated，reaching a peak value. When the mining distance reaches 150 m，the peak value of the advanced elastic energy of the middle upper parts is 2.7 times than that of the upper area. With the increase of mining distance，the advanced elastic energy of the roof in steeply inclined coal seams experiences sequentially accumulation in the middle lower areas and rapid growth in the middle and upper areas. The fractured overlying rock structures squeeze each other and undergo rotation along the dip，with the compressive stress on the fracture surface of the overburden structure increasing with the increase of the dip angle. The slip parameter of the upper fracture surface is relatively small，and it is easy to experience slip instability during the rotation process. In contrast，the middle fracture surface remains stable，with the slip parameter directly proportional to the rotation angle. The lower fracture surface exhibits significant stress concentration but remains stable due to the filling effect. An increase in overburden load will aggravate the instability of the fractured rock strata，while the extension of gangue filling enhances the stability of the overburden structure. This study provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the migration characteristics of overburden in steeply inclined coal seams，and it is of great significance for the stability control of surrounding rock in steeply inclined coal seams.
杜兆文1，温卓越1，潘昌文1，王飞宇1，刘晓明2，刘海兵2，吕健华3. 大倾角煤层覆岩分区特征及破断回转行为研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(5): 1271-1285.
DU Zhaowen1，WEN Zhuoyue1，PAN Changwen1，WANG Feiyu1，LIU Xiaoming2，LIU Haibing2，LYU Jianhua3. Study on the zoning characteristics and fracture rotation behavior of overburden strata in steeply inclined coal seams. , 2025, 44(5): 1271-1285.
[1] 解盘石，黄宝发，伍永平，等. 大倾角煤层伪俯斜采场围岩运移与支架相互作用规律研究[J]. 中国矿业大学学报，2024，53(4)：664–679.(XIE Panshi，HUANG Baofa，WU Yongping，et al. Study on the interaction between strata movement and support in pitching oblique mining area of steeply dipping seam[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology，2024，53(4)：664–679.(in Chinese))
[2] 伍永平，解盘石，贠东风，等. 大倾角层状采动煤岩体重力–倾角效应与岩层控制[J]. 煤炭学报，2023，48(1)：100–113.(WU Yongping，XIE Panshi，YUN Dongfeng，et al. Gravity-dip effect and strata control in mining of the steeply dipping coal seam[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2023，48(1)：100–113.(in Chinese))
[3] 池小楼，杨 科，刘文杰，等. 大倾角煤层分层综采再生顶板破断规律研究[J]. 岩土力学，2022，43(5)：1 391–1 400.(CHI Xiaolou，YANG Ke，LIU Wenjie，et al. Study of caving pattern of regenerated roof in fully-mechanized slicing mining of steeply dipping coal seam[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2022，43(5)：1 391–1 400.(in Chinese))
[4] 赵象卓，王春刚，周坤友，等. 大倾角特厚煤层半煤岩巷道失稳地质动力条件及支护优化[J]. 煤炭科学技术，2022，50(11)：20–29.(ZHAO Xiangzhuo，WANG Chungang，ZHOU Kunyou，et al. Geo dynamic conditions instability and support optimization of semi coal-rock roadway in large inclined and extra thick coal seam[J]. Coal Science and Technology，2022，50(11)：20–29.(in Chinese))
[5] 解盘石，张颖异，伍永平，等. 大倾角中厚煤层伪俯斜采场顶板破断及其充填实验研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2023，40(3)：534–542.(XIE Panshi，ZHANG Yingyi，WU Yongping，et al. Experimental study on roof fracture and gangue filling in pitching oblique mining area of steeply dipping medium thick coal seam[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering，2023，40(3)：534–542.(in Chinese))
[6] 伍永平，贠东风，解盘石，等. 大倾角煤层长壁综采：进展，实践，科学问题[J]. 煤炭学报，2020，45(1)：24–34.(WU Yongping，YUN Dongfeng，XIE Panshi，et al. Progress，practice and scientific issues in steeply dipping coal seams fully-mechanized mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2020，45(1)：24–34.(in Chinese))
[7] 罗生虎，王 同，伍永平，等. 大倾角煤层长壁开采围岩应力传递路径时空演化特征[J]. 煤炭学报，2022，47(7)：2 534–2 545.(LUO Shenghu，WANG Tong，WU Yongping，et al. Space-time evolution characteristics of stress transfer path of surrounding rock in longwall mining of steeply dipping seam[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2022，47(7)：2 534–2 545.(in Chinese))
[8] 薛成春，曹安业，郭文豪，等. 深部大倾角厚煤层开采能量演化规律与冲击地压发生机制[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2021，38(5)：876–885.(XUE Chengchun，CAO Anye，GUO Wenhao，et al. Energy evolution law and rock burst mechanism of deep thick seams with large inclination[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering，2021，38(5)：876–885.(in Chinese))
[9] 解盘石，张颖异，张艳丽，等. 大倾角大采高煤矸互层顶板失稳规律及对支架的影响[J]. 煤炭学报，2021，46(2)：344–356.(XIE Panshi，ZHANG Yingyi，ZHANG Yanli，et al. Instability law of the coal-rock interbedded roof and its influence on supports in large mining height working face with steeply dipping coal seam[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2021，46(2)：344–356.(in Chinese))
[10] 解盘石，屈利利，伍永平，等. 大倾角近距离煤层群长壁采场顶板破断机制[J]. 煤炭科学技术，2022，50(2)：65–74.(XIE Panshi，QU Lili，WU Yongping，et al. Roof breaking mechanism of longwall stope with steeply dipping contugous coal seam group[J]. Coal Science and Technology，2022，50(2)：65–74.(in Chinese))
[11] 池小楼，杨 科，付 强，等. 大倾角煤层分层综采再生顶板应力分布规律研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2022，39(5)：891–900. (CHI Xiaolou，YANG Ke，FU Qiang，et al. Study on stress distribution law of regenerated roof in fully mechanized layered mining of steeply dipping coal seam[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering，2022，39(5)：891–900.(in Chinese))
[12] 杨 科，池小楼，刘钦节，等. 大倾角煤层综采工作面再生顶板与支架失稳机制[J]. 煤炭学报，2020，45(9)：3 045–3 053.(YANG Ke，CHI Xiaolou，LIU Qinjie，et al. Cataclastic regenerated roof and instability mechanism of support in fully mechanized mining face of steeply dipping seam[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2020，45(9)：3 045–3 053.(in Chinese))
[13] 王红伟，宋远洋，焦建强，等. 大倾角煤层断层带回采巷道动载失稳机制[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2022，39(5)：971–980.(WANG Hongwei，SONG Yuanyang，JIAO Jianqiang，et al. Failure mechanism of roadway under dynamic load in fault zone of steeply inclined coal seam[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering，2022，39(5)：971–980.(in Chinese))
[14] 解盘石，吴少港，罗生虎，等. 大倾角大采高开采支架动载失稳机制及控制[J]. 煤炭科学技术，2023，51(2)：58–71.(XIE Panshi，WU Shaogang，LUO Shenghu，et al. Dynamic instability mechanism of support and its control in longwall mining of steeply dipping coal seam[J]. Coal Science and Technology，2023，51(2)：58–71.(in Chinese))
[15] 伍永平，皇甫靖宇，王红伟，等. 大倾角走向长壁工作面局部充填无煤柱开采理论与技术[J]. 煤炭学报，2024，49(1)：280–297.(WU Yongping，HUANGFU Jingyu，WANG Hongwei，et al. Theory and technology of partial backfill non-pillar mining in longwall faces of steeply dipping coal seam[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2024，49(1)：280–297.(in Chinese))
[16] 李 鹏，朱永建，王 平，等. 大倾角厚层坚固顶板巷旁支护体合理宽度及让压尺度研究[J]. 中南大学学报：自然科学版，2022，53(11)：4 494–4 503.(LI Peng，ZHU Yongjian，WANG Ping，et al. Study on reasonable width and yield scale of roadway side support with strong roof and thick seam with large dip angle[J]. Journal of Central South University：Science and Technology，2022，53(11)：4 494–4 503.(in Chinese))
[17] 史卫平，李照迎，柳昌涛，等. 倾斜煤层厚硬顶板切顶留巷关键参数优化研究[J]. 煤炭科学技术，2024，52(5)：11–24.(SHI Weiping，LI Zhaoying，LIU Changtao，et al. Study on optimization of key parameters of thick hard roof cutting and retaining roadway in inclined coal seam[J]. Coal Science and Technology，2024，52(5)：11–24.(in Chinese))
[18] 张宇宁，唐建新，陈宇龙，等. 大倾角煤层柔性护巷特性及应用研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2017，34(3)：542–548.(ZHANG Yuning，TANG Jianxin，CHEN Yulong，et al. The characteristics and application of flexible support technique for a roadway in deeply inclined coal seam[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering，2017，34(3)：542–548.(in Chinese))
[19] 罗生虎，田程阳，伍永平，等. 大倾角煤层综放开采顶煤破坏运移规律与支架稳定性分析[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2023，40(1)： 25–35.(LUO Shenghu，TIAN Chengyang，WU Yongping，et al. Migration laws of top coal failure and stability analysis of support on fully mechanized top coal caving mining in steeply dipping coal seam，2023，40(1)：25–35.(in Chinese))
[20] 王金安，焦军灵，程文东，等. 论大倾角长壁综放工作面圆弧段对支架稳定性的控制作用[J]. 煤炭学报，2015，40(10)：2 361–2 369. (WANG Jinan，JIAO Junling，CHENG Wendong，et al. Roles of are segment in controlling the support stability in longwall fully mechanized top coal caving mining face of steeply inclined coal seam[J]. Joural of China Coal Society，2015，40(10)：2 361–2 369. (in Chinese))
[21] 柴 敬，杜文刚，张丁丁，等. 基于BOTDA技术感测的大倾角煤层顶板活动规律研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2019，38(9)： 1 809–1 818.(CHAI Jing，DU Wengang，ZHANG Dingding，et al. Study on roof activity law in steeply inclined seams based on BOTDA sensing technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2019，38(9)：1 809–1 818.(in Chinese))
[22] 罗生虎，王 同，伍永平，等. 大倾角煤层群长壁开采承载拱与间隔岩层采动应力演化特征[J]. 煤炭学报，2023，48(2)：551–562. (LUO Shenghu，WANG Tong，WU Yongping，et al. Evolution characteristics of mining stress of bearing arch and interval strata in longwall mining of steeply dipping coal seam groups[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2023，48(2)：551–562.(in Chinese))
[23] 蔡 旭，王端宜，黎 侃，等. 基于散体力学的沥青混合料剪切模量预估[J]. 中国公路学报，2013，26(6)：38–46.(CAI Xu，WANG Duanyi，LI Kan，et al. Prediction of shear modulus of asphalt mixtures based on granular mechanics[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport，2013，26(6)：38–46.(in Chinese))
[24] 邵 磊，迟世春，贾宇峰. 堆石料大三轴试验的细观模拟[J]. 岩土力学，2009，30(增1)：239–243.(SHAO Lei，CHI Shichun，JIA Yufeng. Meso-mechanical simulation of a large scale triaxial test of rockfill materials[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2009，30(Supp.1)：239–243.(in Chinese))
[25] 冯国瑞，郭 伟，李 竹，等. 基于顶板结构断裂特征的煤矿结构充填关键位置确定方法[J]. 煤炭科学技术，2024，52(4)：38–49. (FENG Guorui，GUO Wei，LI Zhu，et al. Method determination on key position of coal mine constructional backfill based on fracture characteristics of roof structure[J]. Coal Science and Technology，2024，52(4)：38–49.(in Chinese))
[26] 谢生荣，陈冬冬，孙颜顶，等. 基本顶弹性基础边界薄板模型分析(Ⅰ)——初次破断[J]. 煤炭学报，2016，41(6)：1 360–1 368.(XIE Shengrong，CHEN Dongdong，SUN Yanding，et al. Analysis on thin plate model of basic roof at elastic foundation boundary(I)：first breaking[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2016，41(6)：1 360–1 368. (in Chinese))
[27] 李 猛. 矸石充填材料力学行为及控制岩层移动机制研究[博士学位论文][D]. 徐州：中国矿业大学，2018.(LI Meng. Mechanical behaviour of gangue backfill material and control mechanism of strata movement[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Xuzhou：China University of Mining and Technology，2018.(in Chinese))
[28] 杨 科，方珏静，张吉雄，等. 加浆改性固体充填材料承载压缩特性与固结机制[J]. 中国矿业大学学报，2024，53(3)：456–468. (YANG Ke，FANG Juejing，ZHANG Jixiong，et al. Compression load bearing characteristics and consolidation mechanism of grout-modified solid backfill materials[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology，2024，53(3)：456–468.(in Chinese))
[29] 罗生虎，田程阳，伍永平，等. 大倾角煤层长壁开采覆岩走向受载与破坏特征[J]. 煤炭学报，2021，46(7)：2 227–2 236.(LUO Shenghu，TIAN Chengyang，WU Yongping，et al. Characteristics of loading and failure of overlying rock at working face advancing direction in longwall mining of steeply inclined seam[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2021，46(7)：2 227–2 236.(in Chinese))
[30] 王 猛，宋子枫，勾攀峰，等. 综采面覆岩结构稳定控制的推采速度效应[J]. 中国矿业大学学报，2020，49(3)：463–470.(WANG Meng，SONG Zifeng，GOU Panfeng，et al. Effect of mining speed on stability control of overburden structure in fully mechanized coal face[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology，2020，49(3)：463–470.(in Chinese))
[31] 罗生虎，田程阳，伍永平，等. 大倾角煤层综放开采顶煤破坏运移规律与支架稳定性分析[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2023，40(1)： 25–35.(LUO Shenghu，TIAN Chengyang，WU Yongping，et al. Migration laws of top coal failure and stability analysis of support on fully mechanized top coal caving mining in steeply dipping coal seam[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering，2023，40(1)：25–35.(in Chinese))
[32] 陆银龙，韩 磊，吴开智，等. 特厚煤层沿空掘巷力源结构特征与围岩协同控制策略[J]. 中国矿业大学学报，2024，53(2)：238–249.(LU Yinlong，HAN Lei，WU Kaizhi，et al. Characteristics of stress sources and comprehensive control strategies for surrounding rocks of gob-side driving entry in extra thick coal seam[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology，2024，53(2)：238–249.(in Chinese))
[33] 张 杰，王 斌，白文勇，等. 浅埋近距间隔式采空区顶板“双拱桥”结构稳定性研究[J]. 中国矿业大学学报，2021，50(3)：598–605.(ZHANG Jie，WANG Bin，BAI Wenyong，et al. Stability study of the double arch structure formed by short-distance discontinuous mining in shallow strata[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology，2021，50(3)：598–605.(in Chinese))
[34] 解盘石，黄宝发，伍永平，等. 大倾角大采高采场覆岩应力路径时空效应[J]. 煤炭学报，2023，48(增2)：424–436.(XIE Panshi，HUANG Baofa，WU Yongping，et al. Time-space effect of overburden stress path in steeply dipping and large mining height stope[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2023，48(Supp.2)：424–436.(in Chinese))
[35] 罗生虎，田程阳，伍永平，等. 大倾角煤层长壁开采顶板受载与变形破坏倾角效应[J]. 中国矿业大学学报，2021，50(6)：1 041–1 050. (LUO Shenghu，TIAN Chengyang，WU Yongping，et al. Obliquity effect of asymmetric deformation and failure of roof in longwall mining of steeply inclined seam[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology，2021，50(6)：1 041–1 050.(in Chinese))
2025, Vol. 44 
