大倾角煤层覆岩分区特征及破断回转行为研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0842

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摘要为掌握大倾角煤层采场覆岩力学响应行为，采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场实测等方法，研究大倾角煤层覆岩应力分布形态和能量积聚特征，获得顶板岩层分区破坏演化规律，阐明不同区域覆岩结构在回转运移过程中的相互作用机制，探讨大倾角煤层覆岩破断回转行为。结果表明：大倾角煤层顶板短边方向弯矩较大，中部区域最大主弯矩呈“梯形–心形”分布，两侧长边弯矩呈“斜梯形”特征。大倾角煤层顶板中上部区域弹性能释放显著，岩层整体能量特征随推进距离增大表现为中上部区域释放–上端斜向延伸–下部倾向扩展的演化趋势。顶板中上部区域超前弹性能分布相对集中且峰值较大，回采150 m时中上部岩层的超前弹性能峰值为上部岩层2.7倍；随着回采距离增大，大倾角煤层顶板弹性能依次发生中下部超前累积和中上部超前激增。破断覆岩结构相互挤压并沿倾向发生回转运移，覆岩断裂面挤压应力随倾向转角增大呈增长趋势。上部断裂面滑移参数相对较小，易在回转过程中经历滑移垮落；中部断裂面相对稳定，滑移参数与转角呈正比；下部断裂面应力集中程度相对较大，但在充填作用下处于稳定状态。上覆载荷增大会加剧破断岩层失稳，矸石充填延伸有利于覆岩结构稳定。上述研究可为大倾角煤层采场覆岩运移特征分析提供理论依据，对大倾角煤层围岩稳定性控制具有重要意义。

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	杜兆文1
	温卓越1
	潘昌文1
	王飞宇1
	刘晓明2
	刘海兵2
	吕健华3

关键词 ：岩石力学, 大倾角煤层, 能量积聚, 分区破坏, 相互作用机制, 破断回转行为

Abstract：In order to study the mechanical response behavior of overlying strata in steeply inclined coal seams，the stress distribution patterns and energy accumulation characteristics of the overburden were analyzed through theoretical analysis，numerical simulation and field measurements. The evolution law of destruction in the overlying strata was established，elucidating the interaction mechanisms of the overburden structures in different regions during the rotation process. Additionally，he fracture rotation behavior of the overlying rock strata in steeply inclined coal seams was discussed. The results show that the bending momentin the short side direction of the roof in steeply inclined coal seams is large，with the maximum principal bending moment in the middle area exhibiting a “trapezoidal-heart-shaped”distribution. Conversely，the maximum principal bending moments on both long sides display an“oblique trapezoidal”characteristic. Notably，the elastic energy is released substantially in the middle upper parts of the overlying strata，and the overall energy characteristics of the roof show an evolutionary trend of release in the middle upper parts，oblique extension at the upper end，and dip expansion at the lower part as the advancement distance increases. The advanced elastic energy in the middle upper parts of the roof is relatively concentrated，reaching a peak value. When the mining distance reaches 150 m，the peak value of the advanced elastic energy of the middle upper parts is 2.7 times than that of the upper area. With the increase of mining distance，the advanced elastic energy of the roof in steeply inclined coal seams experiences sequentially accumulation in the middle lower areas and rapid growth in the middle and upper areas. The fractured overlying rock structures squeeze each other and undergo rotation along the dip，with the compressive stress on the fracture surface of the overburden structure increasing with the increase of the dip angle. The slip parameter of the upper fracture surface is relatively small，and it is easy to experience slip instability during the rotation process. In contrast，the middle fracture surface remains stable，with the slip parameter directly proportional to the rotation angle. The lower fracture surface exhibits significant stress concentration but remains stable due to the filling effect. An increase in overburden load will aggravate the instability of the fractured rock strata，while the extension of gangue filling enhances the stability of the overburden structure. This study provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the migration characteristics of overburden in steeply inclined coal seams，and it is of great significance for the stability control of surrounding rock in steeply inclined coal seams.

Key words： rock mechanics steeply inclined seam energy accumulation partition destruction interaction mechanism broken rotation behavior

引用本文:

杜兆文1，温卓越1，潘昌文1，王飞宇1，刘晓明2，刘海兵2，吕健华3. 大倾角煤层覆岩分区特征及破断回转行为研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(5): 1271-1285.
DU Zhaowen1，WEN Zhuoyue1，PAN Changwen1，WANG Feiyu1，LIU Xiaoming2，LIU Haibing2，LYU Jianhua3. Study on the zoning characteristics and fracture rotation behavior of overburden strata in steeply inclined coal seams. , 2025, 44(5): 1271-1285.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0842 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I5/1271

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