高温–水冷处理花岗岩循环加卸载抗拉特性及破裂机制试验研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.1001

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摘要循环水力压裂作为一种干热岩柔性改造方式，有望降低储层破裂压力，提高改造体积，实现高效、安全造储，对干热岩地热资源的经济、高效开发具有重要意义。为探究循环水力压裂引起的储层岩石抗拉特性演化规律及破裂机制，对高温–水冷处理后的花岗岩开展了循环加卸载巴西劈裂试验，考虑不同热处理温度（200 ℃，300 ℃，400 ℃，500 ℃和600 ℃）和不同循环荷载上限（65%，70%，75%和80%峰值荷载）2种试验条件；并采用扫描电镜对破裂面进行观察。研究结果表明：抗拉强度随热处理温度升高先增加后降低，但随着荷载上限的增加而持续增大。疲劳破坏对应的循环次数随荷载上限的增加而减少，而随热处理温度升高呈先减少后增大的趋势。峰值位移随循环次数的增加经历迅速增长、缓慢增长和破坏3个阶段。当温度超过300 ℃时，变形显著增大，表明花岗岩逐渐由脆性向延性转变。破裂模式整体上呈现沿直径方向发生破坏，当温度超过300 ℃时，试样的裂纹模式逐渐从贯通圆心的“直线”型拉伸裂纹转变为偏离圆心的“弧线”型拉–剪混合裂纹，这主要归因于高温诱发的矿物晶体软化与微裂纹的显著增多。此外，基于微观结构分析发现，随着热处理温度升高及循环次数增加，花岗岩内部裂纹扩展模式从沿晶转变为穿晶，同时微观损伤逐渐累积，导致疲劳强度下降、塑性变形增大，宏观上表现为抗拉强度衰减与断裂延性增强的耦合效应。研究成果可为循环水力压裂设计和施工提供理论支撑。

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	张帆1
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	张一鸣1
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	李满1
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	胡大伟3

关键词 ：岩石力学；干热岩；高温&ndash, 水冷；循环加卸载；抗拉特性；破裂机制

Abstract： Circulating hydraulic fracturing, a flexible transformation method for hot dry rock, is anticipated to reduce reservoir fracture pressure, enhance transformation volume, and ensure efficient and safe storage. This method holds significant promise for the economic and efficient development of hot dry rock geothermal resources. To investigate the evolution and fracture mechanisms affecting the tensile properties of reservoir rock due to cyclic hydraulic fracturing, we conducted cyclic loading-unloading Brazilian splitting tests on granite treated with high-temperature water cooling. Two test conditions were examined: varying heat treatment temperatures (200 ℃, 300 ℃, 400 ℃, 500 ℃ and 600 ℃) and different cyclic load upper limits (peak loads of 65%, 70%, 75%, and 80%). The fracture surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that tensile strength initially increases and then decreases with rising heat treatment temperatures but continues to increase with higher load upper limits. The number of cycles leading to fatigue failure decreases as the load upper limit increases, displaying a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with higher heat treatment temperatures. The peak displacement experiences three stages: rapid growth, slow growth, and eventual failure as the number of cycles increases. Notably, when the temperature exceeds 300 ℃, deformation significantly increases, suggesting that granite transitions from brittleness to ductility. Overall, the fracture mode is characterized by failure along the diameter direction. Beyond 300 ℃, the crack mode shifts from a “straight line” tensile crack penetrating the center of the circle to a “curved line” mixed tensile-shear crack deviating from the center. This change is primarily attributed to the substantial softening of mineral crystals and the formation of microcracks due to high temperatures. Furthermore, microstructure analysis reveals that as heat treatment temperature and cycle number increase, the internal crack propagation mode of granite transitions from transgranular to intragranular. Concurrently, micro-damage accumulates, resulting in decreased fatigue strength and increased plastic deformation. Macroscopically, this manifests as a coupling effect of tensile strength attenuation and enhanced fracture ductility. The findings of this research provide theoretical support for the design and construction of cyclic hydraulic fracturing.

Key words： rock mechanics hot dry rock high-temperature water cooling cyclic loading-unloading tensile properties fracture mechanism

引用本文:

张帆1，2，张一鸣1，2，李满1，2，胡大伟3. 高温–水冷处理花岗岩循环加卸载抗拉特性及破裂机制试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(9): 2249-2261.
ZHANG Fan1, 2, ZHANG Yiming1, 2, LI Man1, 2, HU Dawei3. Tensile characteristics and fracture mechanism of high-temperature water-cooled granite under cyclic loading-unloading. , 2025, 44(9): 2249-2261.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.1001 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I9/2249

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