Comprehensive evaluation of compressed air energy storage in depleted unconventional oil and gas reservoirs: Feasibility and key issues
BI Zhenhui1, 2, YANG Chunhe1, GUO Yintong1, MA Hongling1, WANG Lei1, CHANG Xin1, WU Mingyang1, GUO Wuhao1, HE Yuting1, ZHAO Guokai1
(1. Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
Abstract：With deteriorating environmental conditions and accelerating energy transformations, the development of diversified energy storage technologies has become an urgent necessity to address the imbalance between energy supply and demand. This paper proposes a novel energy storage solution that utilizes unconventional oil and gas reservoirs as compressed air energy storage sites, aiming to enhance resource efficiency by repurposing depleted or nearly depleted unconventional reservoirs. This approach leverages existing hydraulic fracturing technology to establish a compressed air energy storage system by retaining the fracturing wells and surface infrastructure, while incorporating electric motors, compressors, expanders, generators, and electrical circuitry. Comprehensive research and systematic analysis reveal several key findings: the large-scale geological reserves of unconventional oil and gas present a promising development outlook for this new method; the availability of extensive geological information and mature surface facilities can significantly lower initial investment costs; the vast number of oil and gas wells (2 677) and ample energy storage capacity (28 500 m³ per well) provide advantages for large-scale application; potential energy storage capacity within pore spaces supports low-power energy storage for extended durations (ultra-long duration); when combined with the distribution of unconventional oil and gas resources and renewable energy, the provinces of Sichuan, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, and Shanxi emerge as optimal regions for implementing this new energy storage method; and the tight integration of several established technologies offer a stable technical foundation for realizing this innovative energy storage approach. This demonstrates the considerable feasibility of transforming depleted unconventional oil and gas reservoirs into compressed gas energy storage systems. However, several scientific and technological challenges warrant attention: the physical-mechanical degradation of reservoirs under prolonged hydration and cyclic loading, and its impact on the long-term stability of energy storage systems; the effects of rock failure or proppant flowback on the stability of energy storage spaces and equipment; the assessment of the integrity of long-term injection and production in energy storage spaces and the seal integrity of wellbores, along with their influence on storage efficiency and the safe operation of energy storage systems; the impact of compressed air temperature on the long-term stability, integrity, and downhole equipment of the energy storage system; and the influence of fracture network morphology on injection and production rates and the conversion efficiency of the energy storage system. Compressed gas energy storage systems in depleted unconventional oil and gas reservoirs present a novel solution for energy storage that could significantly enhance China′s energy storage industry.
毕振辉1，2，杨春和1，郭印同1，马洪岭1，王 磊1，常 鑫1，吴明洋1，郭武豪1，贺宇廷1，赵国凯1. 枯竭非常规油气藏压气储能系统综合评价：可行性与关键问题研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(S2): 156-171.
BI Zhenhui1, 2, YANG Chunhe1, GUO Yintong1, MA Hongling1, WANG Lei1, CHANG Xin1, WU Mingyang1, GUO Wuhao1, HE Yuting1, ZHAO Guokai1. Comprehensive evaluation of compressed air energy storage in depleted unconventional oil and gas reservoirs: Feasibility and key issues. , 2025, 44(S2): 156-171.
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2025, Vol. 44 
