裂隙岩体非线性渗流理论与应用

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0894

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摘要裂隙岩体渗流问题广泛存在于水利水电、土木交通、能源矿山及地下处置库等重大工程中，是制约工程建设与运行的重要因素。随着工程建设与运行向高水头、大埋深及强扰动环境发展，基于线性渗流理论的分析模型已难以准确描述其渗流行为，迫切需要研究非线性渗流效应。非线性渗流主要表现在高雷诺数下的惯性非达西流动、多种流体并存的多相非线性、渗流–应力–化学等多场耦合作用导致的耦合非线性，以及复杂边界条件引起的边界非线性等方面。目前，非线性渗流研究在试验观测、机制建模与数值模拟等方面已取得长足进展，但仍面临复杂条件与极端环境下原位试验难度大、多过程耦合演化难以量化、模型参数辨识依赖经验、数值模拟收敛性差等挑战。系统梳理并阐述了流态非线性、多相非线性、耦合非线性及边界非线性的成因机制、理论模型、参数辨识等理论难题。在此基础上，介绍裂隙岩体非线性渗流模拟方法与控制新技术，以高压输水隧洞渗流分析与控制、水电工程立体排水系统精细模拟与渗控效应评价、枢纽区防渗排水系统长期性能演化评价为典型工程应用实例，探讨裂隙岩体非线性渗流理论在渗流分析预测与安全评价、渗控措施优化以及渗流灾变防控等方面的重要应用价值。未来研究需致力于构建统一的理论模型与高效数值方法，推动非线性渗流分析贯穿于工程全生命周期，发展集感知、辨识和调控为一体的智能渗控体系，深度融合多学科知识与人工智能技术，实现从状态评估到主动调控的跨越。

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	周创兵1
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	3*
	陈益峰1
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	胡冉1
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	杨志兵1
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	周佳庆1
	2

关键词 ：岩石力学, 裂隙岩体, 非线性渗流, 多相渗流, 多场耦合, 渗流控制, 库坝安全

Abstract：Seepage in fractured rock masses is widely encountered in many important engineering fields such as hydropower, civil and transportation infrastructure, energy and mining, and underground disposal repositories. It represents one of the key factors constraining the construction and long-term operation of such projects. As engineering projects advance towards environments characterized by high water heads, great depths, and strong disturbances, conventional models based on linear flow laws have become inadequate for accurately describing seepage behaviors. Nonlinear seepage effects have become increasingly prominent, manifesting as inertial non-Darcian flow at high Reynolds numbers, multiphase nonlinearity in the presence of multiple fluids, coupled nonlinearities arising from interactions among seepage, stress, and chemical processes, as well as boundary- induced nonlinearities under complex boundary conditions. Although significant progress has been made in experimental observation, mechanistic modeling, and numerical methods related to nonlinear seepage, several challenges remain. These include difficulties in conducting in-situ experiments under high-stress and high- pressure conditions, the complexity of quantifying the effects of coupled processes, the empirical nature of model parameter identification, and poor convergence in numerical simulations. Focusing on these theoretical and applied challenges of nonlinear seepage in fractured rock masses, this paper systematically reviews and elaborates on key issues such as the underlying mechanisms, theoretical models, and parameter identification related to non-Darcian flow regimes, multiphase flow effects, coupled processes, and boundary nonlinearities. Furthermore, simulation methods and control techniques for nonlinear seepage in fractured rock masses are introduced. This paper highlights the vital role of nonlinear seepage theory in improving prediction accuracy, enhancing the reliability of safety evaluations, and supporting proactive engineering control. This is demonstrated through engineering applications, including seepage control and assessment in high-pressure water conveyance tunnels, modeling and evaluation of three-dimensional drainage systems in hydropower projects, and long-term performance evolution analysis of seepage control systems. Future research should aim to establish unified theoretical models and highly robust numerical methods, integrate nonlinear seepage analysis throughout the entire engineering design process, and develop intelligent seepage control systems that integrate monitoring, identification, and regulation. By deeply integrating multidisciplinary knowledge with artificial intelligence technologies, a transition from state assessment to proactive control can be achieved.

Key words： rock mechanics fractured rocks non-linear flow multiphase flow multi-field coupling seepage control safety management of dams and reservoirs

引用本文:

周创兵1，2，3*，陈益峰1，2，胡冉1，2，杨志兵1，2，周佳庆1，2. 裂隙岩体非线性渗流理论与应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2026, 45(1): 1-36.
ZHOU Chuangbing1, 2, 3*, CHEN Yifeng1, 2, HU Ran1, 2, YANG Zhibing1, 2, ZHOU Jiaqing1, 2.

Nonlinear fluid flow in fractured rocks: Theories and applications . , 2026, 45(1): 1-36.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0894 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2026/V45/I1/1

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