Experimental assessment of mechanical degradation and permeability evolution in deep sandstone during high-temperature water immersion
LIU Shangxiao1, 2, 3, XIN Song1, 2*, JIANG Yujing2, 3, WANG Wei1, 2
(1. College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 277609, China; 2. National Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Ecological Protection in Open Pit Coal Mines, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 277609, China; 3. Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan)
Abstract： To address the significant weakening of deep surrounding rock under coupled hydro-thermal-mechanical (HTM) conditions, conventional triaxial compression-permeability tests were conducted on sandstone specimens immersed in water at varying temperatures using a triaxial multi-field coupling apparatus. The main findings are as follows: (1) The HTM coupling effect markedly weakens the pre-peak load-bearing capacity of rock; elevated temperature intensifies the initial damage and the dissolution of internal cement, resulting in damage stress , peak strength and residual strength decreasing significantly with increasing water temperature. (2) During the unstable crack-propagation stage, permeability (K) exhibits a quasi-exponential increase, with a faster growth rate at higher temperatures; post-peak, the dissipated energy Ud rises sharply and is expended on rock dilatancy and macroscopic cracking, driving K rapidly to its peak—an overall “∧” -shaped trend—where the strain corresponding to the intersection of elastic energy and can serve as a characteristic threshold for the surge of K to its maximum. (3) Approximately 55 ℃ is identified as a critical temperature threshold for the transformation of the mechanical response mechanism of sandstone; above this temperature, the mechanism shifts from water-rock physical softening to a composite damage mode dominated by mineral dissolution and thermally induced microcrack propagation, with the dilatancy angle? and K increasing significantly, and the peak permeability value of 85C–15 sample is about 1.54 times that of 25C–15 sample. (4) Dry and low-temperature water-soaked specimens are characterized by throughgoing, high-angle shear planes, exhibiting typical brittleness, while high-temperature water-soaked and high-initial-damage specimens display enhanced local plasticity and dilatancy, forming conical, non-throughgoing structures with earlier post-peak instability. These results reveal the weakening mechanism of sandstone under high-temperature water immersion and provide a foundation for evaluating the long-term stability of underground projects, such as deep, high-temperature mines and deeply buried, water-rich tunnels.
刘尚校1，2，3，辛 嵩1，2*，蒋宇静2，3，王 伟1，2. 深部高温水浸砂岩力学劣化与渗透率演化特征试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2026, 45(1): 175-191.
LIU Shangxiao1, 2, 3, XIN Song1, 2*, JIANG Yujing2, 3, WANG Wei1, 2. Experimental assessment of mechanical degradation and permeability evolution in deep sandstone during high-temperature water immersion. , 2026, 45(1): 175-191.
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2026, Vol. 45 
