(1. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xi?an University of Technology, Xi?an, Shaanxi 710048, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Ecology and Environment in Arid Area, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi?an, Shaanxi 710048, China;
3. China Construction Yangtze River (Malaysia) SDN BHD, Kuala Lumpur 50000, Malaysia)
Abstract：The key to ensuring effective filter performance is to allow unimpeded seepage without increasing the pressure head or decreasing the flow rate. In response, the drainage mechanism is initially described based on hydrodynamics. Numerical modeling of flow behaviors in three soil-filter columns was conducted using HYDRUS–1D, focusing on typical poorly graded sand and three granular filters. Based on Darcy′s law, theoretical equations were derived to calculate the surplus pressure head and the relative difference in flow rates between soil with and without filters. An assessment equation was proposed to determine the drainage requirements for coarse-grained filters. This equation meets the criteria of limiting the development of surplus pressure head and the reduction of flow rate under both saturated and unsaturated conditions. Furthermore, flow tests on the three soil-filter columns were conducted under constant head and free drainage conditions. The results indicated that the proposed equation outperforms previously published equations in assessing drainage performance. Finally, partial safety factors were calculated using the proposed equation, and the variability of hydraulic conductivities for both soil and filter materials was quantified to ensure compliance with targeted reliability. The proposed equations are applicable not only to internally stable soils with filters but also enhance the methods for assessing and designing coarse-grained filters.
张 昭1，2*，马 浩1，张 钊3，张远傲1，郑弘林1，周子豪1. 基于水动力学的粗粒反滤料排水减压性能判别公式及其应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2026, 45(3): 918-932.
ZHANG Zhao1, 2*, MA Hao1, ZHANG Zhao3, ZHANG Yuan?ao1, ZHENG Honglin1, ZHOU Zihao1. Theoretical equation to assess the performance of drainage for coarse-grained filters based on hydrodynamics and its application. , 2026, 45(3): 918-932.
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2026, Vol. 45 
