LIU Jie1, 2, LU Wenbo1, 2*, WANG Gaohui1, 2, JIANG Hongjie1, 2, YAN Peng1, 2, XIONG Junwei1, 2
(1. State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics in Hydraulic Structural Engineering of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China)
Abstract：To investigate the scale effect in blasting crater tests, this study was conducted utilizing dimensional analysis and similarity theory. By considering the strength size effect, strain rate effect, and explosive energy distribution, the mechanical mechanisms underlying the size effect in blasting craters were elucidated. A modified charge calculation formula that incorporates the energy coupling coefficient was proposed. Coupled with experimental data, the applicable scale range of conventional blasting model tests was evaluated. The results indicate that, compared to medium-charge tests (measured in kilograms), small-charge tests (measured in grams) are significantly influenced by the strength size effect and strain rate effect, resulting in higher apparent material strength and greater energy consumption for material fragmentation. In contrast, in large-charge tests (measured in tons), a substantial portion of the explosive energy is expended in overcoming gravitational potential, which must be considered when analyzing energy distribution. These differences in energy partitioning give rise to the observed size effects in blasting crater experiments. Unlike traditional empirical formulas based solely on geometric similarity, the improved formula accounts for the energy coupling coefficient and the distribution characteristics of blasting energy across various charge scales. For instance, in small-charge iron ore blasting tests documented in the literature, the improved formula reduced the average relative error in crater radius prediction from 110.0% to 13.3%, demonstrating a significant enhancement in accuracy. Furthermore, the improved formula allows for reliable extrapolation from medium-charge tests to large-charge scenarios. Based on test data from desert alluvium, it is shown that this extrapolation remains valid within a geometric scale factor of less than 20. However, under the influence of the strength size effect and strain rate effect, the energy distribution in small-charge tests is markedly different from that in medium-charge tests, particularly in terms of fragmentation energy, which leads to considerable deviations when applying small-charge results to larger scales.
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2026, Vol. 45 
