水–岩作用下煤系一水硬铝石型铝土矿劈裂特性的试验研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0610

Abstract
Figure/Table
References (0)
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (12628 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract The bauxite deposits in Shanxi Province are located within the Carboniferous-Ordovician composite aquifer system. Understanding the mechanisms of ore body weakening and fracture propagation due to water-rock interactions is essential for ensuring the safe and efficient mining of bauxite. This study focuses on the Loufan bauxite in Shanxi, conducting Brazilian tests on specimens with varying water saturations (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) to investigate tensile strength, damage evolution, and fracture energy characteristics. A parametric program was developed to quantitatively characterize the fracture surface morphology and study the effect of water saturation on the splitting characteristics. Molecular dynamics simulations and CT scanning tests were employed to elucidate the micro-mechanisms of water-rock interactions that weaken bauxite strength. Additionally, ESEM images were analyzed to reveal the fracture mechanisms at different water saturations. The results indicate that: (1) Diaspore, the primary component of the studied bauxite, exhibits strong hydrophilicity. (2) As water saturation increases from dry to fully saturated, the tensile strength decreases from 14.851 MPa to 6.364 MPa, and the fracture energy drops from 10 426.63 J/m² to 6 772.35 J/m², indicating a progressive weakening of its resistance to failure. (3) The Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC) increases from 7.30 to 17.02, and the fractal dimension rises from 1.923 00 to 1.948 45, suggesting that the fracture surface morphology becomes increasingly complex. (4) CT scan results indicate that mineral expansion and dissolution are not the primary mechanisms contributing to strength weakening. (5) Molecular dynamics simulations and ESEM analysis reveal that water molecules interact with the diaspore crystal through hydrogen bonding, which reduces inter-crystal friction and alters the fracture mechanism. The failure transitions from transgranular fracture (dominated by the cleavage of Al-O covalent bonds) to intergranular fracture (dominated by the rupture of hydrogen bonds (O?-H…O?)). Macroscopically, this results in rougher fracture surfaces and a gradual reduction in tensile strength. These findings provide experimental evidence for the mining of diaspore-type bauxite.

Key words： mining engineering diaspore-type bauxite water saturation Brazilian splitting tests water-rock interaction weakening mechanism

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	HU Wenshuo1
	ZHU Defu1
	2
	3*
	JIA Yongjie1
	XU Zekun1
	HUO Yuming1
	WANG Zhonglun1
	ZHANG Chunwang4
	FU Tengfei5

Cite this article:

HU Wenshuo1,ZHU Defu1,2, et al. Splitting characteristics of diaspore-type bauxite in coal measure strata under water-rock interaction[J]. , 2026, 45(4): 1128-1147.

URL:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/EN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0610 OR https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/EN/Y2026/V45/I4/1128

[1] 娄德波，张起钻，江沙，等. 中国喀斯特型铝土矿找矿预测研究进展[J]. 地质学报，2025，99(2)：649–665.(LOU Debo，ZHANG Qizuan，JIANG Sha，et al. Progress of prospecting prediction research for karstic bauxite in China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica，2025，99(2)：649–665.(in Chinese))
[2] 黄炳香，赵兴龙，余斌，等. 煤与共伴生战略性金属矿产协调开采理论与技术构想[J]. 煤炭学报，2022，47(7)：2 516–2 533. (HUANG Bingxiang，ZHAO Xinglong，YU Bin，et al. Research framework of theory and technology for coordinated mining of coal and its co-existed and associated strategic metal minerals[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2022，47(7)：2 516–2 533.(in Chinese))
[3] 吉兴旺. 煤层残采区下铝土矿开采覆岩变形协调关系研究[硕士学位论文][D]. 太原：太原理工大学，2023.(JI Xingwang. Study on Deformation coordination relationship of overlying strata in bauxite mining under residual mining area of coal seam[M. S. Thesis][D]. Taiyuan：Taiyuan University of Technology，2023.(in Chinese))
[4] 周科平，陈庆发，胡建华. 地下铝土矿采矿环境再造连续采矿理念[J]. 广西大学学报：自然科学版，2008，33(2)：168–172.(ZHOU Keping，CHEN Qingfa，HU Jianhua. Concept of the mining environment reconstructing continuous mining in underground bauxite[J]. Journal of Guangxi University：Natural Science，2008，33(2)：168–172.(in Chinese))
[5] 王德玉，朱德福，于彪彪，等. 基于数值模拟–机器学习的缓倾斜铝土矿矿柱承载力预测方法[J]. 煤炭学报，2025，50(3)：1 511–1 526. (WANG Deyu，ZHU Defu，YU Biaobiao，et al. Predicting bearing capacity of gently inclined bauxite pillar based on numerical simulation and machine learning[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2025，50(3)：1 511–1 526.(in Chinese))
[6] 朱德福，王德玉，于彪彪. 基于离散元–机器学习的铝土矿矿柱强度预测方法[J]. 煤炭学报，2024，49(7)：3 038–3 050.(ZHU Defu，WANG Deyu，YU Biaobiao. DEM-ML investigation of bauxite pillar strength prediction method[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2024，49(7)：3 038–3 050.(in Chinese))
[7] 赵志宏. 岩石裂隙水–岩作用机制与力学行为研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2021，40(增2)：3 063–3 073.(ZHAO Zhihong. Study on water-rock interaction mechanisms and mechanical behaviors of single rock fractures[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2021，40(Supp.2)：3 063–3 073.(in Chinese))
[8] 张村，王磊，王潇杰，等. 含水率影响下煤体巴西劈裂特性与弱化机制[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2024，41(2)：362–371.(ZHANG Cun，WANG Lei，WANG Xiaojie，et al. Brazilian splitting characteristics and weakening mechanism of coal under the influence of water content[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering，2024，41(2)：362–371.(in Chinese))
[9] LIU X B，LONG K，LUO P，et al. Effects of water saturation pressure on crack propagation in coal under uniaxial compression[J]. Natural Resources Research，2023，32(2)：673–690.
[10] 杨超，杨广旭，王娇，等. 浸水作用对灰岩缝合线拉伸蠕变特性影响研究[J]. 清华大学学报：自然科学版，2025，65(10)：1 968–1 979.(YANG Chao，YANG Guangxu，WANG Jiao，et al. Effect of immersion on the tensile creep mechanical properties of limestone stylolite[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University：Science and Technology，2025，65(10)：1 968–1 979.(in Chinese))
[11] 骆祚森，谭佳豪，许阳，等. 动载损伤下不同含水状态灰岩抗拉特性劣化规律[J]. 水电能源科学，2025，(5)：93–97.(LUO Zuosen，TAN Jiahao，XU Yang，et al. Deterioration law of tensile ductility of tuffs with different water content states under dynamic load damage[J]. Water Resources and Power，2025，(5)：93–97.(in Chinese))
[12] LIU C D，CHENG Y，JIAO Y Y，et al. Experimental study on the effect of water on mechanical properties of swelling mudstone[J]. Engineering Geology，2021，295(1)：106448.
[13] 滕腾，王玉明，李召龙，等. 干燥和饱水状态下砂质泥岩拉压变形破坏过程能量演化对比研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2023，40(1)：174–183.(TENG Teng，WANG Yuming，LI Zhaolong，et al. Contrastive analysis of energy evolution in the tension and compression deformation processes of dry and water saturated sandy mudstone[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering，2023，40(1)：174–183.(in Chinese))
[14] 朱作祥，骆祚森，李建林，等. 含水状态对硅质胶结砂岩抗拉特性的影响及颗粒流模拟[J]. 材料导报，2025，39(9)：88–96.(ZHU Zuoxiang，LUO Zuosen，LI Jianlin，et al. Influence of water-bearing state on tensile properties of siliceous cemented sandstone and particle flow simulation[J]. Materials Reports，2025，39(9)：88–96.(in Chinese))
[15] ZHANG C ，WANG X J，HAN P H，et al. Acoustic emission and splitting surface roughness of sandstone in a Brazilian splitting test under the influence of water saturation[J]. Engineering Geology，2024，329(1)：107369.
[16] HUANG S B，HE Y B，LIU G F，et al. Effect of water content on the mechanical properties and deformation characteristics of the clay-bearing red sandstone[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment，2021，80(2)：1 767–1 790.
[17] ZHOU Z L，CAI X，CAO W Z，et al. Influence of water content on mechanical properties of rock in both saturation and drying processes[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2016，49(8)：3 009–3 025.
[18] 腾俊洋，唐建新，张闯. 层状含水页岩的抗拉强度特性试验研究[J]. 岩土力学，2018，39(4)：1 317–1 326.(TENG Junyang，TANG Jianxin，ZHANG Chuang. Experimental study on tensile strength of layered water-bearing shale[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2018，39(4)：1 317–1 326.(in Chinese))
[19] 张恒源，郭佳奇，孙飞跃，等. 不同试验条件和含水状态下花岗岩的声发射与破裂演化特征[J]. 高压物理学报，2022，36(6)：77–91.(ZHANG Hengyuan，GUO Jiaqi，SUN Feiyue，et al. Acoustic emission and fracture evolution characteristics of granite under different testing and moisture conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics，2022，36(6)：77–91.(in Chinese))
[20] 尤明庆，陈向雷，苏承东. 干燥及饱水岩石圆盘和圆环的巴西劈裂强度[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2011，30(3)：464–472.(YOU Mingqing，CHEN Xianglei，SU Chengdong. Brazilian splitting strength of rock discs and rings under dry and saturated conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2011，30(3)：464–472.(in Chinese))
[21] ZHU J，DENG J H，CHEN F，et al. Failure analysis of water-bearing rock under direct tension using acoustic emission[J]. Engineering Geology，2022，299(1)：106541.
[22] RABAT A，CANO M，TOMAS R. Effect of water saturation on strength and deformability of building calcarenite stones：Correlations with their physical properties[J]. Construction and Building Materials，2020，232(1)：117259.
[23] LIU L W，LI H B，LI X F，et al. Underlying mechanisms of crack initiation for granitic rocks containing a single pre-existing flaw：insights from digital image correlation(DIC) analysis[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2021，54(2)：857–873.
[24] 王文海，蒋力帅，何鑫，等. 基于砂型3D打印的复杂节理岩体变形破坏特征试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2024，43(3)：754–767.(WANG Wenhai，JIANG Lishuai，HE Xin，et al. Experimental study on deformation and failure characteristic of complex jointed rock mass based on sand-powder 3D printing[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2024，43(3)：754–767.(in Chinese))
[25] BARTON N，CHOUBEY V. The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice[J]. Rock Mechanics，1977，10(1)：1–54.
[26] BARTON N. Review of a new shear-strength criterion for rock joints[J]. Engineering Geology，1973，7(4)：287–332.
[27] ZHANG T，YU L Y，SU H J，et al. Experimental and numerical investigations on the tensile mechanical behavior of marbles containing dynamic damage[J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology，2022，32(1)：89–102.
[28] 王来贵，赵国超，刘向峰，等. 滑动过程中砂岩节理摩擦因数演化规律[J]. 煤炭学报，2021，46(9)：2 874–2 882.(WANG Laigui，ZHAO Guochao，LIU Xiangfeng，et al. Analysis the evolution of friction coefficient of sandstone joint during sliding process[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2021，46(9)：2 874–2 882.(in Chinese))
[29] MILLER S M，MCWILLIAMS P C，KERKERING J C. Ambiguities in estimating fractal dimensions of rock fracture surfaces[M]. [S. l.]：CRC Press，2020：471–478.
[30] LI B X，ZHANG W M，XUE Y G，et al. Approach to characterize rock fracture surface： Insight from roughness and fractal dimension[J]. Engineering Geology，2023，325(1)：107302.
[31] MANDELBROT B. How long is the coast of Britain? Statistical self-similarity and fractional dimension[J]. Science，1967，156(3775)：636–638.
[32] CHEN J C，LI J T，WANG J，et al. Investigation on the characteristics of fracture process zone under cyclic loading：Insights from macro-mesoscopic analysis[J]. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics，2022，122(1)：103616.
[33] 朱传奇，汤鲁培，王磊，等. 预冲击损伤白砂岩抗拉力学特征试验研究[J]. 中国矿业大学学报，2025，54(2)：372–384.(ZHU Chuanqi，TANG Lupei，WANG Lei，et al. Experimental study on tensile mechanical characteristics of pre-impact damaged white sandstone[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology，2025，54(2)：372–384.(in Chinese))
[34] ZHANG C，BAI Q S，HAN P H，et al. Strength weakening and its micromechanism in water-rock interaction，a short review in laboratory tests[J]. International Journal of Coal Science and Technology，2023，10(1)：10.
[35] MAO W Z，YAO Y J，QIN Z，et al. Pore structure characterization of sandstone under different water invasion cycles using micro-CT[J]. Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources，2024，10(1)：53.
[36] TIAN S Y，ZHENG L L，LIU H，et al. Experimental study on the damage evolution mechanism of siltstone by water content and confining pressure[J]. Energy Science and Engineering，2025，13(2)：765–780.
[37] 王柳江，张清远，毛航字，等. 不同温度下掺玄武岩纤维水工沥青混凝土劈裂试验研究[J]. 水利水电技术，2023，54(5)：177–186.(WANG Liujiang，ZHANG Oingyuan，MAO Hangyu，et al. Splitting test of hydraulic basalt fiber asphalt concrete at different temperatures[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering，2023，54(5)：177–186.(in Chinese)
[38] 孙辅庭，佘成学，万利台. Barton标准剖面JRC与独立于离散间距的统计参数关系研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2014，33(增2)：3 539–3 544.(SUN Futing，SHE Chengxue，WAN Litai. Research on Relationship Between JRC of Barton?s Standard Profiles and Statistical Parameters Independent of Sampling Interval[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2014，33(Supp.2)：3 539–3 544.(in Chinese))
[39] AI T，ZHANG R，ZHOU H，et al. Box-counting methods to directly estimate the fractal dimension of a rock surface[J]. Applied Surface Science，2014，314(1)：610–621.
[40] DING C X，YANG R S，YANG L Y. Experimental results of blast-induced cracking fractal characteristics and propagation behavior in deep rock mass[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2021，142(1)：104772.
[41] SUGIURA T，ARIMA H，NAGAI Takaya，et al. Structural variations accompanied by thermal expansion of diaspore：in-situ single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction study[J]. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals，2018，45(10)：1 003–1 010.
[42] MOMMA K，IZUMI F. VESTA 3 for three-dimensional visualization of crystal，volumetric and morphology data[J]. Journal of Applied Crystallography，2011，44(6)：1 272–1 276.
[43] ABRAHAM M J，MURTOLA T，SCHULZ R，et al. GROMACS：high performance molecular simulations through multi-level parallelism from laptops to supercomputers[J]. SoftwareX，2015，1(1)：19–25.
[44] RAPPÉ A K，CASEWIT C J，COLWELL K S，et al. UFF，a full periodic table force field for molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society，1992，114(25)：10 024–10 035.
[45] BUSSI G，DONADIO D，PARRINELLO M. Canonical sampling through velocity rescaling[J]. The Journal of Chemical Physics，2007，126(1)：014101.
[46] PARRINELLO M，RAHMAN A. Polymorphic transitions in single crystals：A new molecular dynamics method[J]. The Journal of Chemical Physics，1981，52(12)：7 182–7 190.
[47] 刘晓文，钟钢，胡岳华. 一水硬铝石的表面黏附能研究[J]. 矿冶工程，2009，29(1)：37–39.(LIU Xiaowen，ZHONG Gang，HU Yuehua. Research on the surface adhesional energy of diaspore[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering，2009，29(1)：37–39.(in Chinese))
[48] 董书宁，樊敏，郭小铭，等. 陕西省煤矿典型水灾隐患特征及治理技术[J]. 煤炭学报，2024，49(2)：902–916.(DONG Shuning，FAN Min，GUO Xiaoming，et al. Characteristics and prevention and control techniques of typical water hazards in coal mines in Shaanxi Province[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2024，49(2)：902–916.(in Chinese))
[49] 吴拥政，郭罡业，汪占领. 弱含水层下软岩巷道“一隔三强”控制原理与技术[J]. 煤炭科学技术，2023，51(2)：72–82.(WU Yongzheng，GUO Gangye，WANG Zhanling. The control principle and technology of “one obstruct and three strengthen” of soft rock roadways below weak aquifers[J]. Coal Science and Technology，2023，51(2)：72–82.(in Chinese))