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| Plastic failure behavior of roadways under the coordinated control of regional principal stress vectors and layered structures |
| HAN Zijun1, 2, LIU Hongtao1, 2*, GUO Linfeng1, 3, HAN Zhou1, 2, GAO Zhen4, JIA Housheng5, LIU Qinyu1, 2, LIANG Jialu1, 2, WANG Haozhu6, CHEN Zihan1, 7 |
(1. School Of Energy and Mining Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;
2. Research Center of Roadway Support and Surrounding Rock Control Engineering in Coal Industry, Beijing 100083, China;
3. China National Coal Association, Beijing 100013, China; 4. School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou, Henan 451191, China; 5. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, China; 6. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China;
7. Western Australian School of Mines, Curtin University, Kalgoorlie 6430, Australia) |
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Abstract The stability of surrounding rock in deep underground engineering is governed by the interaction mechanism between the regional principal stress field and the structure of the layered rock mass. This study demonstrates through true triaxial tests that the mechanical behavior of layered rock is influenced by the synergistic effects of principal stress vectors and structural planes. Based on these findings, an analytical model for roadway stability that comprehensively accounts for principal stress vectors and layered structures is established. By introducing direction cosines, a transformation control equation for regional principal stress paths, derived from azimuth and inclination angles, is formulated. On this basis, a hierarchical extraction algorithm for the mechanical parameters of surrounding rock in a three-dimensional stress field is constructed, and a predictive method for the plastic zone of surrounding rock under the combined influence of principal stress deflection and layered structures is proposed. The failure characteristics of roadways, influenced by the magnitude, direction of principal stress, and layered structures, are systematically analyzed. The theoretical analysis indicates that the failure of roadway surrounding rock arises from the coupled interaction of stress magnitude, direction, and layered structures. Stress amplitude governs the spatial extent of the plastic zone, while the spatial relationship between the direction of principal stress and layered structures determines the predominant direction of failure development. Their synergistic effects result in asymmetric and heterogeneous characteristics within the surrounding rock. The validity of the theoretical analysis is corroborated through engineering case studies. Furthermore, strategies for controlling the stability of roadway surrounding rock are proposed, focusing on three aspects: optimization of support position spatial layout, stabilization of anchoring nodes, and enhancement of the mechanical properties of support materials. This establishes a theoretical foundation for the stability assessment and differentiated support design of deep layered rock mass roadways under complex stress paths.
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2026, Vol. 45 
