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| Mechanism of geo-stress field on the cracking of layered soft rock tunnel linings |
| ZHAO Liangliang1, YANG Wenbo2*, XIA Junying2, LI Sheng1, SUN Weiyu1, LI Bin3, ZHU Jianyong3 |
(1. School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China; 2. School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China; 3. China Railway 21st Bureau
Group Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China)
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Abstract To elucidate the unclear mechanism by which the geo-stress field influences the cracking of layered soft rock tunnel linings, this study examines a typical layered soft rock tunnel along the Wen-Ma expressway as a case study. By integrating model tests with numerical simulations, we investigate the deformation, stress, and failure behavior of layered soft rock tunnel linings under the impact of the geo-stress field. The damage characteristics and cracking patterns of the tunnel lining structure under varying lateral pressure coefficients are analyzed, thereby revealing the mechanism through which the geo-stress field affects tunnel lining cracking. The results indicate that, with a bedding angle of 45° and a strike of 90°, as the lateral pressure coefficient increases from 0.5 to 1.5, the morphology of the lining cracks transitions from vertical compression failure to bedding-plane dominated failure, and subsequently to horizontal compression failure. The cracking pattern evolves from tensile-shear composite failure to shear failure, and then back to tensile-shear composite failure. Correspondingly, the location of cracking shifts from the vault to the right spandrel, and from the left arch foot to the left haunch. When the lateral pressure coefficient is 1.00, the stress distribution of the surrounding rock is the most uniform, leading to minimal deformation and contact pressure of the lining, maximal bearing capacity of the lining, and optimal overall stability of the tunnel. Further analysis reveals that the location of surrounding rock damage exhibits spatial consistency with the area of lining fractures. The surrounding rock damage manifests as compression failure along the normal bedding plane surrounding the tunnel, along with shear sliding along the bedding plane away from the tunnel area.
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2026, Vol. 45 
