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| Failure precursors of rock slopes controlled by a locked segment with anti-dip weak planes based on integrated force-seismic-deformation monitoring |
| YANG Hang1, XU Qiang1*, ZHU Xing1, TAO Zhigang2, XIU Dehao1, LI Pinliang1 |
(1. State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology,
Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China; 2. School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and
Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China) |
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Abstract To elucidate the failure evolution mechanism and multi-parameter precursor characteristics of rock slopes controlled by a locked segment with anti-dip weak planes, a physical model test was conducted using a stepwise creep loading system based on a self-balanced loading apparatus. The Chana landslide served as the geological prototype for constructing an idealized conceptual model. Conventional prestressed anchors, constant-resistance large-deformation (NPR) anchors, acoustic emission (AE) sensors and vibration sensors were installed, while digital image correlation (DIC) technology was employed to monitor and integrate the mechanical response, microseismic activity, and deformation evolution throughout the loading process. The results indicate that: (1) the DIC displacement field and AE localization reveal the spatiotemporal evolution of the developing slip zone, exhibiting a pronounced staged behavior characterized by a progressive transition from localized deformation to global sliding. (2) A sudden drop in Newton force occurs prior to failure. (3) The microseismic duration parameter demonstrates significant critical slowing down. (4) The improved tangential angle model of displacement enters a warning stage before global instability. While all three monitoring parameters exhibit clear precursory characteristics, their response sequences differ: microseismic signals display the earliest anomaly, followed by the drop in Newton force, with displacement responding last. This temporal sequence reflects a hierarchical failure evolution process, transitioning from microcrack accumulation to structural unloading and ultimately macroscopic sliding. The findings provide experimental evidence and theoretical support for the development of a multi-parameter graded early warning approach based on integrated force-seismic-deformation monitoring for rock slopes controlled by locked segments.
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2026, Vol. 45 
