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| Hydrogen migration evolution and sealing integrity of bedded salt cavern hydrogen storage |
| CHEN Xiangsheng1*, LIU Jingwang1, LUO Cheng1, SHI Xilin2, LI Yinping2, LIU Yuanxi3 |
(1. State Key Laboratory of Safety and Resilience of Civil Engineering in Mountain Area, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; 3. China Energy Digital Technology Group
Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, China) |
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Abstract To accurately elucidate the evolution of hydrogen migration and the sealing integrity of bedded rock salt formations for hydrogen storage in China, a unified gas flow equation that encompasses all flow regimes was proposed, based on the microstructural characteristics of the rock and multi-scale hydrogen flow behavior. A fluid-solid coupled seepage model that accounts for real gas compressibility has been established and applied to analyze hydrogen seepage dynamics under cyclic injection and production. The results indicate that hydrogen flow in the surrounding strata is predominantly influenced by slip and transitional regimes. Driven by periodic operating pressures, a significant dynamic competition mechanism between leakage and backflow emerges. Nevertheless, a long-term net mass loss is observed, with an average daily leakage rate of 3.07 kg/d and an annual leakage rate of 0.035%. The range of hydrogen leakage exhibits a power-law growth over time, with average annual expansion rates of 2.26 m/a in interlayers and 0.77 m/a in rock salt layers, identifying interlayers as the primary leakage pathways. Comparative analysis reveals that after 50 years of operation under identical geological conditions and working parameters, the extent of hydrogen leakage is approximately 1.38 times that of natural gas. Therefore, it is recommended that design parameters such as safety pillar width and protective roof thickness be increased by 40% beyond the current standards for salt cavern natural gas storage to ensure the long-term sealing safety of salt cavern hydrogen storage.
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2026, Vol. 45 
