低温及冻融环境下岩体热、水、力特性研究进展与思考

Abstract
Figure/Table
References
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (1007 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract It is of significance to research the thermo-hydro-mechanical characteristics of rock mass under the condition of low temperature and freeze-thaw cycles for engineering construction in cold regions. The four aspects：physico-mechanical properties of rock，temperatures，seepage characteristics and thermo-hydro- mechanical coupling characteristics under the condition of low temperature and freeze-thaw cycles were reviewed；and combining with the characteristics of tunnel in cold regions，a new idea to research the frost heave of surrounding rock and its insulation measure were put forward；firstly，based on field monitoring，a large number of freeze-thaw tests，uniaxial compression tests and triaxial compression tests，the thermo-hydro-mechanical parameters，such as coefficient of thermal conductivity should be obtained exactly；and then a proper coupled thermo-hydraulic model for low temperature rock including phase change should be established；after this，a damage factor is proposed to consider the freeze-thaw effect in rock and the thermo-hydro-mechano-damage coupled model considering the effect of volumetric strain on temperature and seepage field of surrounding rock and the effect of temperature gradient，seepage pressure and frost heave pressure on mechanical field for tunnel in cold region can be established to study the frost heave of surrounding rock；meanwhile，a high-performance foamed concrete is designed as an insulation material used in tunnel，which has the characteristics of lightweight，insulation，cold-proof，crack resistance and aseismic.

Key words： rock mechanics tunnel in cold regions thermo-hydro-mechano-damage coupling ice/water phase change insulation

Received: 30 March 2011

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors

Cite this article:

URL:

http://www.rockmech.org/EN/Y2011/V30/I7/1318

[2]	朱立平，WHALLEY W B，王家澄. 寒冻条件下花岗岩小块体的风化模拟试验及其分析[J]. 冰川冻土，1997，19(4)：312-320.(ZHU Liping，WHALLEY W B，WANG Jiacheng. A simulated weathering experiment of small free granite blocks under freeze-thaw conditions[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology，1997，19(4)：312-320.(in Chinese))
[5]	吴刚，何国梁，张磊，等. 大理岩循环冻融试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2006，25(增1)：2 930-2 938.(WU Gang，HE Guoliang，ZHANG Lei，et al. Experimental study on cycles of freeze-thaw of marble[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2006，25(Supp.1)：2 930-2 938.(in Chinese))
[8]	ANDERSON D M，TICE A R. Low temperature phases of interfacial water in clay-water systems[J]. Soil Science Society of America，1971，35(1)：47-54. " target="_blank">
[12]	TICE A R，BURROUS C M，ANDERSON D M. Phase composition measurements on soils at very high water contents by the pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance technique[J]. Transportation Research Record，1978，675(3)：11-14. " target="_blank">
[14]	王丽霞，胡庆立，凌贤长，等. 青藏铁路冻土未冻水含量与热参数试验[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报，2007，39(10)：1 660-1 663.(WANG Lixia，HU Qingli，LING Xianzhang，et al. Experimental study on dynamic shear modulus of remolded frozen silty clay for Qinghai—Tibet Railway[J]. Journal Harbin Institute of Technology，2007，39(10)：1 660-1 663.(in Chinese))
[21]	TIMUR A. Velocity of compressional waves in porous media at permafrost temperatures[J]. Geophysics，1968，33(4)：584-595. " target="_blank">
[23]	WANG D Y，ZHU Y L，MA W，et al. Application of ultrasonic technology for physical-mechanical properties of frozen soils[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，2006，44(1)：12-19. " target="_blank">
[25]	MATSUOKA N. Mechanisms of rock breakdown by frost action：an experimental approach[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，1990，17(3)：253-270. " target="_blank">
[1]	徐敩祖，王家澄，张立新. 冻土物理学[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2001：1-3.(XU Xiaozu，WANG Jiacheng，ZHANG Lixin. Frozen soil physics[M]. Beijing：Science Press，2001：1-3.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[27]	MUTLUT?K M，ALTINDAG R，T?RK G. A decay function model for the integrity loss of rock when subjected to recurrent cycles of freezing-thawing and heating-cooling[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2004，41(2)：237-244.
[29]	INADA Y，YOKOTA K. Some studies of low temperature rock strength[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts，1984，21(3)：145-153. " target="_blank">
[31]	杨更社，奚家米，李慧军. 三向受力条件下冻结岩石力学特性试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2010，29(3)：459-464.(YANG Gengshe，XI Jiami，LI Huijun. Experimental study of rock mechanical properties under triaxial compressive and frozen conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2010，29(3)：459-464.(in Chinese))
[32]	YAMABE T，NEAUPANE K M. Determination of some thermo- mechanical properties of Sirahama sandstone under subzero temperature conditions[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2001，38(7)：1 029-1 034. " target="_blank">
[34]	李慧军. 冻结条件下岩石力学特性的实验研究[硕士学位论文][D]. 西安：西安科技大学，2009.(LI Huijun. Experimental study on rock mechanical properties under freezing conditions[M. S. Thesis][D]. Xi?an：Xi?an University of Science and Technology，2009.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[37]	张淑娟，赖远明，苏新民，等. 风火山隧道冻融循环条件下岩石损伤扩展室内模拟研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2004，23(24)：4 105-4 111.(ZHANG Shujuan，LAI Yuanming，SU Xinmin，et al. A laboratory study on the damage propagation of rocks under freeze- thaw cycle condition[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2004，23(24)：4 105-4 111.(in Chinese))
[39]	李宁，张平，程国栋. 冻结裂隙砂岩低频率循环动力特性试验研究[J]. 自然科学进展，2001，11(11)：1 175-1 180.(LI Ning，ZHANG Ping，CHENG Guodong. Experimental study on low frequency cyclic dynamic characteristics of freezing fissure sandstone[J]. Progress in Natural Science，2001，11(11)：1 175-1 180.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[40]	徐光苗. 寒区岩体低温、冻融损伤力学特性及多场耦合研究[博士学位论文][D]. 武汉：中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所，2006.(XU Guangmiao. Study on mechanical charateristics of rock at low temperature，damage due to freezing and thawing and mutiphysical coupling problems of rock in cold regions[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Wuhan：Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics，Chinese Academy of Sciences，2006.(in Chinese))
[3]	何国梁，张磊，吴刚. 循环冻融条件下岩石物理特性的试验研究[J]. 岩土力学，2004，25(增2)：52-56.(HE Guoliang，ZHANG Lei，WU Gang. Test study on physical characteristics of rock under freezing-thawing cycles[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2004，25 (Supp.2)：52-56.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[6]	张继周，缪林昌，杨振峰. 冻融条件下岩石损伤劣化机制和力学特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2008，27(8)：1 688-1 694. (ZHANG Jizhou，MIAO Linchang，YANG Zhenfeng. Research on rock degradation and deterioration mechanisms and mechanical characteristics under cyclic freezing thawing[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2008，27(8)：1 688-1 694.(in Chinese))
[7]	KOLAIAN J H，LOW P F. Calorimetric determination of unfrozen water in montmorillonite pastes[J]. Soil Science，1963，95(6)：376-384. " target="_blank">
[10]	KOZLOWSKI T. A comprehensive method of determining the soil unfrozen water curves 1：application of the term of convolution[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，2003，36(1)：71-79. " target="_blank">
[15]	覃英宏，张建明，郑波，等. 基于连续介质热力学的冻土中未冻水含量与温度的关系[J]. 青岛大学学报：工程技术版，2008，23(1)：77-82.(QIN Yinghong，ZHANG Jianming，ZHENG Bo，et al. The relationship between unfrozen water content and temperature based on continuum thermodynamics[J]. Journal of Qingdao University：Engineering and Technology，2008，23(1)：77-82.(in Chinese))
[19]	CHRIST M，KIM Y C. Experimental study on the physico-mechanical properties of frozen silt[J]. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering，2009，13(5)：317-324.
[22]	NAKANO Y，MARTIN R J，SMITH M. Ultrasonic velocities of the dilatational and shear waves in frozen soils[J]. Water Resources Research，1972，8(4)：1 024-1 030. " target="_blank">
[26]	NICHOLSON D T，NICHOLSON F H. Physical deterioration of sedimentary rocks subjected to experimental freeze-thaw weathering[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms，2000，25(12)：1 295-1 307. " target="_blank">
[4]	刘成禹，何满潮，王树仁，等. 花岗岩低温冻融损伤特性的实验研究[J]. 湖南科技大学学报：自然科学版，2005，20(1)：37-40.(LIU Chengyu，HE Manchao，WANG Shuren，et al. Experimental study on low temperature freeze-thaw damage characteristics of granite[J]. Journal of Hunan Technology University：Natural Science，2005，20(1)：37-40.(in Chinese))
[9]	HANDA Y P，ZAKRZEWSKI M，FAIRBRIDGE C. Effect of restricted geometries on the structure and thermodynamic properties of ice[J]. Physics and Chemistry，1992，96(21)：8 594-8 599. " target="_blank">
[11]	KOZLOWSKI T. Some factors affecting supercooling and the equilibrium freezing point in soil-water systems[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，2009，59(1)：25-33. " target="_blank">
[13]	ISHIZAKI T，MARUYAMA M，FURUKAWAY，et al. Preempting of ice in porous silica glass[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth，1996，163(4)：455-460. " target="_blank">
[16]	SPARRMAN T，ÖQUIST M，KLEMEDTSSON L，et al. Quantifying unfrozen water in frozen soil by high-?eld 2H NMR[J]. Environmental Science and Technology，2004，38(20)：5 420-5 425. " target="_blank">
[17]	PATTERSON D E，SMITH M W. The use of time domain re?ectometry for measurement of unfrozen water content in frozen soils[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，1980，3(3)：205-210. " target="_blank">
[18]	SPAANS E J A，BAKER J M. Examining the use of time domain reflectometry for measuring liquid water content in frozen soil[J]. Water Resources Research，1995，31(12)：2 917-2 925. " target="_blank">
[20]	WYLLIE M R，GREGORY A E，GARDNER L W. Elastic wave velocities in heterogeneous and porous media[J]. Geophysics，1956，21(1)：41-70. " target="_blank">
[24]	盛煜，福田正己，金学三，等. 未冻水含量对含废弃轮胎碎屑冻土超声波速度的影响[J]. 岩土工程学报，2000，22(6)：716-719.(SHENG Yu，FUKUDA Masami，KIM Haksam，et al. Effect of unfrozen water content on the ultra sonic velocities in tire mixed frozen soils[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2000，22(6)：716-719.(in Chinese))
[35]	赖远明，吴紫汪，朱元林，等. 大坂山隧道围岩冻融损伤的CT分析[J]. 冰川冻土，2000，22(3)：206-210.(LAI Yuanming，WU Ziwang，ZHU Yuanlin，et al. CT analysis of frost damage of the surrounding rocks of a tunnel in the Daban mountain[J]. Journal of Glaciolgy and Geocryology，2000，22(3)：206-210.(in Chinese))
[38]	WATANABE K. Amount of unfrozen water in frozen porous media saturated with solution[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，2002，34(2)：103-110. " target="_blank">
[41]	张慧梅，杨更社. 冻融与荷载耦合作用下岩石损伤模型的研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2010，29(3)：471-476.(ZHANG Huimei，YANG Gengshe. Research on damage model of rock under coupling action of freeze-thaw and load[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2010，29(3)：471-476.(in Chinese))
[46]	MA W，FENG G L，WU Q B，et al. Analysis of temperature fields under the embankment with crushed-rock structures along the Qinghai—Tibet Railway[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，2007，53(3)：259-270. " target="_blank">
[50]	水伟厚，高广运，韩晓雷，等. 寒区隧道围岩导温系数及其冻深分析[J]. 地下空间，2002，22(4)：343-346.(SHUI Weihou，GAO Guangyun，HAN Xiaolei，et al. Analysis of thermal conductivity and frost depth of enclosing rock of tunnel in cold region[J]. Underground Space，2002，22(4)：343-346.(in Chinese))
[54]	BRONFENBRENER L. The modelling of the freezing process in fine-grained porous media：Application to the frost heave estimation[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，2009，56(2)：120-134. " target="_blank">
[56]	何春雄，吴紫汪，朱林楠. 严寒地区隧道围岩冻融状况分析的导热与对流换热模型[J]. 中国科学：D辑，1999，29(增1)：1-7.(HE Chunxiong，WU Ziwang，ZHU Linnan. Freeze-thaw condition analysis for heat transfer and convective heat transfer model of Surrounding rock in cold region[J]. Science in China：Series D，1999，29(Supp.1)：1-7.(in Chinese))
[59]	李述训，程国栋. 冻融土中的温度-渗流输运问题[M]. 兰州：兰州大学出版社，1995：103-104.(LI Shuxun，CHENG Guodong. The temperature seepage transport problems in freeze-thaw soils[M]. Lanzhou：Lanzhou University Press，1995：103-104.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[63]	BRONFENBRENER L，KORIN E. Kinetic model for crystallization in porous media[J]. International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer，1997，40(6)：1 053-1 059. " target="_blank">
[65]	NAKANO Y. Quasi-steady problems in freezing soils：IV. Analysis of the steady growth of an ice layer[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，1994，23(1)：1-17. " target="_blank">
[28]	CHEN T C，YEUNG M R，MORI N. Effect of water saturation on deterioration of welded tuff due to freeze-thaw action[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，2004，38(2)：127-136. " target="_blank">
[66]	徐敩祖，王家澄，张立新，等. 土体冻胀和盐胀机制[M]. 北京：科学出版社，1995：77-80.(XU Xiaozu，WANG Jiacheng，ZHANG Lixin，et al. The soil frost heaving and salt expansion mechanism[M]. Beijing：Science Press，1995：77-80.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[68]	TAYLOR G S，LUTHIN J N. A model for coupled heat and moisture transfer during soil freezing[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal，1978，15(4)：548-555. " target="_blank">
[70]	HANSSON K，IM NEK J，MIZOGUCHI M. Water flow and heat transport in frozen soil：numerical solution and freeze-thaw applications[J]. Vadose Zone Journal，2004，3(2)：693-704. " target="_blank">
[71]	尚松浩，雷志栋，杨诗秀. 冻结条件下土壤温度-渗流耦合迁移数值模拟的改进[J]. 清华大学学报：自然科学版，1997，37(8)：62-64. (SHANG Songhao，LEI Zhidong，YANG Shixiu. Numerical simulation improvement of coupled moisture and heat transfer during soil freezing[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University：Science and Technology，1997，37(8)：62-64.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[72]	KOOPMANS R W R，MILLER R D. Soil freezing and soil water characteristic curves[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal，1966，30(6)：680-685. " target="_blank">
[74]	ZHU Y，CARBEE D L. Uniaxial compressive strength of frozen silt under constant deformation rates[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，1984，9(1)：3-15. " target="_blank">
[75]	LI N，CHEN F X，SU B. Theoretical frame of the saturated freezing soil[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，2002，35(2)：73-80. " target="_blank">
[79]	BRONFENBRENER L，KORIN E. Thawing and refreezing around a buried pipe[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing，1999，38(3)：239-247. " target="_blank">
[80]	LUNARDINI V J. Phase-change around insulated buried pipes：quasi-steady method[J]. Journal of Energy Resources Technology，1981，103(1)：201-207. " target="_blank">
[30]	徐光苗，刘泉声，彭万巍，等. 低温作用下岩石基本力学性质试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2006，25(12)：2 502-2 508.(XU Guangmiao，LIU Quansheng，PENG Wanwei，et al. Experimental study on basic mechanical behaviors of rocks under low temperatures[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2006，25(12)：2 502-2 508.(in Chinese))
[36]	杨更社，张全胜，任建喜，等. 冻结速度对铜川砂岩损伤CT数变化规律研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2004，23(24)：4 099-4 104. (YANG Gengshe，ZHANG Quansheng，REN Jianxi，et al. Study on the effect of freezing rate on the damage CT values of Tongchuan sandstone[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2004，23(24)：4 099-4 104.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[57]	张学富，赖远明，喻文兵，等. 风火山隧道多年冻土回冻预测分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2004，23(24)：4 170-4 178.(ZHANG Xuefu，LAI Yuanming，YU Wenbing，et al. Forecast and analysis of refreezing in Fenghuoshan permafrost tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2004，23(24)：4 170-4 178.(in Chinese))
[64]	LUNARDINI V J. Heat transfer with freezing and thawing[M]. New York：Elsevier Science Publishers，1991：34-35. " target="_blank">
[81]	苗天德，郭力，牛永红，等. 正冻土中水热迁移问题的混合物理论模型[J]. 中国科学：D辑，1999，29(增1)：8-14.(MIAO Tiande，GUO Li，NIU Yonghong，et al. Mixture theory model of the water heat transfer in frozing soil[J]. Journal of Chinese Science：Series D，1999，29(Supp.1)：8-14.(in Chinese))
[83]	LUNDIN L. Hydraulic properties in an operational model of frozen soil[J]. Journal of Hydrology，1990，118(1)：289-310. " target="_blank">
[85]	张学富，喻文兵，刘志强. 寒区隧道渗流场和温度场耦合问题的三维非线性分析[J]. 岩土工程学报，2006，28(9)：1 095-1 100. (ZHANG Xuefu，YU Wenbing，LIU Zhiqiang. Three-dimensional nonlinear analysis for coupled problem of seepage field and temperature field of cold regions tunnels[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2006，28(9)：1 095-1 100.(in Chinese))
[87]	汪仁和，李栋伟. 人工多圈管冻结温度-渗流耦合数值模拟研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2007，26(2)：355-359.(WANG Renhe，LI Dongwei. Research on hydro-thermal coupling numerical simulation with artificial multi-freezing-tube cycles[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2007，26(2)：355-359.(in Chinese))
[88]	KAY B D，GROENEVELT P H. On the interaction of water and heat transport in frozen and unfrozen soils：I. basic theory；the vapor phase[J]. Soil Science Society of America，1974，38(3)：395-400. " target="_blank">
[90]	KUNG S K J，STEENHUIS T S. Heat and moisture transfer in a partly frozen nonheaving soil[J]. Soil Science Society of America，1986，50(5)：1 114-1 122. " target="_blank">
[92]	KONRAD J M，MORGENSTERN N R. The segregation potential of a freezing soil[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal，1981，18(4)：482-491. " target="_blank">
[33]	程磊. 冻结条件下岩石力学特性实验研究及工程应用[硕士学位论文][D]. 西安：西安科技大学，2009.(CHENG Lei. Experimental study on rock mechanical properties under freezing conditions and application in project[M. S. Thesis][D]. Xi?an：Xi?an University of Science and Technology，2009.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[42]	ZHANG M Y，LAI Y M，YU W B. Experimental study on influence of particle size on cooling effect of crushed-rock layer under closed and open tops[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，2007，48(3)：232-238. " target="_blank">
[43]	赖远明，吴紫汪，张淑娟，等. 寒区隧道保温效果的现场观察研究[J]. 铁道学报，2003，25(1)：81-86.(LAI Yuanming，WU Ziwang，ZHANG Shujuan，et al. In-situ observed study for effect of heat preservation in cold regions tunnels[J]. Journal of The China Railway Society，2003，25(1)：81-86.(in Chinese))
[44]	谢红强，何川，李永林. 寒区隧道结构抗防冻试验研究及仿真分析[J]. 公路，2006，(2)：184-188.(XIE Hongqiang，HE Chuan，LI Yonglin. A study on frost resistance test of tunnel structure in cold areas and numerical simulation[J]. Highway，2006，(2)：184-188.(in Chinese))
[45]	陈建勋，罗彦斌. 寒冷地区隧道温度场的变化规律[J]. 交通运输工程学报，2008，8(2)：44-48.(CHEN Jianxun，LUO Yanbin. Changing rules of temperature field for tunnel in cold area[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering，2008，8(2)：44-48.(in Chinese))
[47]	张德华，王梦恕，任少强. 青藏铁路多年冻土隧道围岩季节活动层温度及响应的试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2007，26(3)：614-619.(ZHANG Dehua，WANG Mengshu，REN Shaoqiang. Experimental study on temperature and response of seasonal active layer of tunnels surrounding rock in permafrost region on Qinghai— Tibet Plateau[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2007，26(3)：614-619.(in Chinese))
[48]	PARK C，SYNN J H，SHIN D S. Experimental study on the thermal characteristics of rock at low temperatures[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2004，41(Supp.1)：81-86. " target="_blank">
[49]	吕康成，解赴东，张翊翱. 寒区隧道围岩导温系数反分析[J]. 西安建筑科技大学学报：自然科学版，2000，32(4)：379-381.(LU Kangcheng，XIE Fudong，ZHANG Yiao，et al. Back analysis of the thermal conductivity of the enclosure rocks in a cold region tunnel[J]. Journal of Xi?an University of Architecture and Technology：Natural Science，2000，32(4)：379-381.(in Chinese))
[51]	ZHANG H F，GE X S，YE H. Heat conduction and heat storage characteristics of soils[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering，2007，27(2)：369-373. " target="_blank">
[52]	NICOLSKY D J，ROMANOVSKY V E，PANTELEEV G G. Estimation of soil thermal properties using in-situ temperature measurements in the active layer and permafrost[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，2009，55(1)：120-129. " target="_blank">
[53]	MOTTAGHY D，RATH V. Latent heat effects in subsurface heat transport modelling and their impact on palaeo temperature reconstructions[J]. Geophysical Journal International，2006，164(1)：236-245 " target="_blank">
[94]	杨更社，周春华，田应国，等. 软岩类材料冻融过程水热迁移的实验研究初探[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2006，25(9)：1 765-1 770. (YANG Gengshe，ZHOU Chunhua，TIAN Yingguo，et al. Primary experimental study on moisture and heat transfer of soft rock material during its freezing and thawing[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2006，25(9)：1 765-1 770.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[98]	赖远明，李双洋，高志华，等. 高温冻结黏土单轴随机损伤本构模型及强度分布规律[J]. 冰川冻土，2007，39(12)：969-976.(LAI Yuanming，LI Shuangyang，GAO Zhihua，et al. Stochastic damage constitutive model for warm frozen soil under uniaxial compression and its strength distribution[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology，2007，39(12)：969-976.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[100]	SHOOP S，AFFLECK R，HAEHNEL R，et al. Mechanical behavior modeling of thaw-weakened soil[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，2008，52(2)：191-206. " target="_blank">
[103]	李宁，程国栋，徐敩祖. 冻土力学的研究进展与思考[J]. 力学进展，2001，31(1)：95-102.(LI Ning，CHENG Guodong，XU Xiaozu. The advance and review on frozen soil mechanics[J]. Advances in Mechanics，2001，31(1)：95-102.(in Chinese))
[104]	MILLER R D. Frost heaving in non-colloidal softs[C]// Proceedings of the Third Int. Conf. Permafrost. Edmonton，Alberta：[s.n.]，1978：707-713. " target="_blank">
[106]	MU S，LADANYI B. Modelling of coupled heat，moisture and stress field in freezing soil[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，1987，14(3)：237-246. " target="_blank">
[107]	GUYMON G L，HROMADKA II T V，BERG R L. A one-dimensional frost heave model based upon simulation of simultaneous heat and water flux[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，1980，3(3)：253-262. " target="_blank">
[109]	KONRAD J M. Influence of freezing mode on frost heave characteristics[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，1988，15(2)：161-175. " target="_blank">
[113]	MICHALOWSKI R. A constitutive model of saturated soils for frost heave simulations[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，1993，22(1)：47-63. " target="_blank">
[55]	赖远明，喻文兵，吴紫汪，等. 寒区圆形截面隧道温度场的解析解[J]. 冰川冻土，2001 2(2)：126-130.(LAI Yuanming，YU Wenbing，WU Ziwang，et al. Approximate analytical solution for the temperature fields of a circular tunnel in cold regions[J]. Journal of Glaciolgy and Geocryology，2001，2(2)：126-130.(in Chinese))
[58]	徐敩祖，邓友生. 冻土中水分迁移的实验研究[M]. 北京：科学出版社，1991：83-85.(XU Xiaozu，DENG Yousheng. Experiment study on water migration in freezing and frozen soil[M]. Beijing：Science Press，1991：83-85.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[60]	KONRAD J M，MORGENSTEM N R. Effects of applied pressure on freezing soils[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal，1982，19(4)：494-505. " target="_blank">
[61]	NAKANO Y. Quasi-steady problems in freezing soils，I. Analysis of the steady growth of an ice layer[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，1990. 17(3)：207-226. " target="_blank">
[62]	FURUKAWA Y，SHIMADA W. 3-dimensional pattern-formation during growth of ice dendrites，its relation to universal law of dendritic growth[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth，1993，128(2)：234-249. " target="_blank">
[67]	王家澄，张学珍，王玉杰. 扫描电子显微镜在冻土研究中的应用[J]. 冰川冻土，1996，18(2)：184-189.(WANG Jiacheng，ZHANG Xuezhen，WANG Yujie. Application of scanning electronic microscope in study of geocryology[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology，1996，18(2)：184-189.(in Chinese))
[69]	JAME Y W，NORUM D I. Heat and mass transfer in a freezing unsaturated porous media[J]. Water Resources Research，1980，16(4)：811-819. " target="_blank">
[73]	MCKENZIE J M，VOSS C I，SIEGEL D I. Groundwater ?ow with energy transport and water-ice phase change：numerical simulations，benchmarks，and application to freezing in peat bogs[J]. Advances in Water Resources，2007，30(4)：966-983.
[76]	盛煜，马巍，候仲杰. 正冻土中水分迁移的迁移势模型[J]. 冰川冻土，1993，15(1)：140-143.(CHENG Yu，MA Wei，HOU Zhongjie. Migration potential model of moisture migration in freezing soil[J] Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology，1993，15(1)：140-143.(in Chinese))
[77]	王铁行，胡长顺. 冻土路基水分迁移数值模型[J]. 中国公路学报，2001，14(4)：5-9.(WANG Tiehang，HU Changshun. A numerical model of moisture migration for frozen soil subgrade[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport，2001，14(4)：5-9.(in Chinese))
[78]	PHILIP J R，DE VERIES D A. Moisture movement in porous material under temperature gradient[J]. Transactions of American Geophysical Union，1957，38(2)：222-232. " target="_blank">
[82]	FUKUDA M，NAKAGAWA S. Numerical analysis of frost heaving based upon the coupled heat and water flow model[C]// Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Ground Freezing. [S.l.]：[s.n.]，1985：71-75. " target="_blank">
[84]	赖远明，吴紫汪，朱元林. 寒区隧道温度场和渗流场耦合问题的非线性分析[J]. 中国科学：D辑，1999，29(增1)：21-26.(LAI Yuanming，WU Ziwang，ZHU Yuanlin. Nonlinear analyses for the couple problem of temperature and seepage in cold region tunnels[J]. Science in China：Series D，1999，29(Supp.1)：21-26.(in Chinese))
[86]	毛雪松，王秉纲，胡长顺. 多年冻土路基水分迁移热力学性能分析[J]. 路基工程，2006，127(4)：1-4.(MAO Xuesong，WANG Binggang，HU Changshun. Permafrost thermodynamic performance analysis of roadbed moisture transfer[J]. Subgrade Engineering，2006，127(4)：1-4.(in Chinese))
[89]	GROENEVELT P H，KAY B D. On the interaction of water and heat transport in frozen and unfrozen soils：II. the liquid phase[J]. Soil Science Society of America，1974，38(3)：401-404. " target="_blank">
[91]	郭力，苗天德，张慧，等. 饱和正冻土中水热迁移的热力学模型[J]. 岩土工程学报，1998，20(5)：87-91.(GUO Li，MIAO Tiande，ZHANG Hui，et al. Thermodynamic models of heat moisture migration in saturated freezing soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，1998，20(5)：87-91.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[93]	翁家杰，周希圣，陈明雄，等. 冻结土体的水分迁移和固结作用[J]. 地下工程与隧道，1999，(1)：2-10.(WENG Jiajie，ZHOU Xisheng，CHEN Mingxiong，et al. The underground water migration and consolidation effect of the frozen soil[J]. Undergrourd Engineering and Tunmels，1999，(1)：2-10.(in Chinese))
[95]	杨更社，周春华，田应国，等. 软岩材料冻融过程中的水热迁移实验研究[J]. 煤炭学报，2006，31(5)：566-570.(YANG Gengshe，ZHOU Chunhua，TIAN Yingguo，et al. Experiment study on the moisture and heat transfer of soft rock material under the condition of freezing and thawing[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2006，31(5)：566-570.(in Chinese))
[96]	汪仁和，李栋伟. 多圈管冻结模型试验及温度-渗流耦合数学模型研究[J]. 合肥工业大学学报：自然科学版，2007，30(11)：1 481-1 484. (WANG Renhe，LI Dongwei. Study on model experiment with multi-freezing-tube cycles and the mathematic model of moisture-heat coupling in frozen soil[J]. Journal of Hefei University of Technology：Natural Science，2007，30(11)：1 481-1 484.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[97]	何平，程国栋，朱元林. 冻土黏弹塑损伤耦合本构理论[J]. 中国科学：D辑，1999，29(增1)：34-39.(HE Ping，CHENG Guodong，ZHU Yuanlin. Damage and viscoelastic-plastic coupling constitutive theory[J]. Science in China：Series D，1999，29(Supp.1)：34-39.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[99]	宁建国，朱志武. 含损伤的冻土本构模型及耦合问题数值分析[J]. 力学学报，2007，39(1)：70-76.(NING Jianguo，ZHU Zhiwu. Constitutive model of frozen soil with damage and numerical simulation of the coupled problem[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics，2007，39(1)：70-76.(in Chinese))
[101]	LI S Y，LAI Y M，ZHANG S J，et al. An improved statistical damage constitutive model for warm frozen clay based on Mohr-Coulomb criterion[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，2009，57(2)：154-159. " target="_blank">
[102]	PENNER E. The mechanism of frost heaving in soils[J]. Highway Research Board Bulletin，1959，225(1)：1-13. " target="_blank">
[115]	NEAUPANE K M，YAMABE T，YOSHINAKA R. Simulation of a fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical system in freezing and thawing rock[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，1999，36(5)：563-580. " target="_blank">
[116]	NEAUPANE K M，YAMABE T. A fully coupled thermo-hydro- mechanical nonlinear model for a frozen medium[J]. Computers and Geotechnics，2001，28(8)：613-637.
[118]	张学富. 寒区隧道多场耦合问题的计算模型研究及其有限元分析[博士学位论文][D]. 兰州：中国科学院寒区与旱区环境与工程研究所，2004.(ZHANG Xuefu. Computational models? study and their finite element analyses for the coupled problems of several fields in cold regions tunnels[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Lanzhou：Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Sciences，2004.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[125]	TAN X J，CHEN W Z，YANG J P，et al. Laboratory investigations on the mechanical properties degradation of granite under freeze-thaw cycle[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，2011，68(1)：74-84.(to be published)) " target="_blank">
[129]	谭贤君，陈卫忠，贾善坡，等. 含相变低温岩体水热耦合模型研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2008，27(7)：1 455-1 461.(TAN Xianjun，CHEN Weizhong，JIA Shanpo，et al. A coupled hydro- thermal model for low temperature rock including phase change[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2008，27(7)：1 455-1 461.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[105]	HARLAN R L. Analysis of coupled heat-fluid transport in partially frozen soil[J]. Water Resources Research，1973，9(5)：1 314-1 323. " target="_blank">
[108]	KONRAD J M，MORGENSTEM N R. Frost heave prediction of chilled pipelines buried in unfrozen soils[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal，1984，21(1)：100-115. " target="_blank">
[110]	KONRAD J M，SHEN M. 2D frost action modeling using the segregation potential of soils[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，1996，24(3)：263-278. " target="_blank">
[111]	NIXON J F. Thermally induced heave beneath chilled pipelines in frozen ground[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal，1987，24(22)：260-266. " target="_blank">
[112]	LI N，CHEN F X，XU B，et al. Theoretical modeling framework for an unsaturated freezing soil[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，2008，54(1)：19-35. " target="_blank">
[114]	MICHALOWSKI R L，ZHU M. Frost heave modelling using porosity rate function[J]. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics，2006，30(8)：703-722. " target="_blank">
[117]	赖远明，吴紫汪，朱元林，等. 寒区隧道温度场、渗流场和应力场耦合问题的非线性分析[J]. 岩土工程学报，1999，21(5)：529-533.(LAI Yuanming，WU Ziwang，ZHU Yuanlin，et al. Nonlinear analyses for the couple problem of temperature，seepage and stress fields in cold region tunnels[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，1999，21(5)：529-533.(in Chinese))
[120]	陆宏轮. 饱和多孔介质冻融过程的混合物连续介质理论[J]. 西南交通大学学报，2001，36(6)：599-603.(LU Honglun. Continuum theory of mixture for freezing and thawing of water-saturated porous media[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University，2001，36(6)：599-603.(in Chinese))
[121]	LI N，CHEN B，CHEN F X. The coupled heat-moisture-mechanic model of the frozen soil[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，2000，31(3)：199-205. " target="_blank">
[122]	李宁，陈波，陈飞熊. 寒区复合路基温度场、水分场、应力场三场耦合分析[J]. 土木工程学报，2003，36(10)：66-71.(LI Ning，CHEN Bo，CHEN Feixiong. Heat-moisture-deformation coupled model for composite foundation in cold zone[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal，2003，36(10)：66-71.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[123]	徐光苗，刘泉声，张秀丽. 冻结温度下岩体 THM完全耦合的理论初步分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2004，23(21)：3 709-3 713.(XU Guangmiao，LIU Quansheng，ZHANG Xiuli. Theoreticalanalysis on fullthermo-hydro-mechanical coupling for rocks under freezing temperature[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2004，23(21)：3 709-3 713.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[119]	何平，程国栋，俞祁浩，等. 饱和正冻土中的水、热、力场耦合模型[J]. 冰川冻土，2000，22(2)：135-138.(HE Ping，CHENG Guodong，YU Qihao，et al. A couple model of heat，water and stress fields of saturated soil during freezing[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology，2000，22(2)：135-138.(in Chinese))
[124]	TAN X J，CHEN W Z，TIAN H M，et al. Water flow and heat transport including ice/water phase change in porous media：numerical simulation and application[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology，doi：10.1016/j.coldregions，2011.(to be published)) " target="_blank">
[126]	CHEN W Z，TAN X J，YANG J P，et al. Study on the range of frost-thaw of surrounding rock and the effects of insulation material in cold regions[C]// ISRM International Symposium 2008，the 5th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium(ARMS5). [S.l.]：[s.n.]，2008：1 455-1 461. " target="_blank">
[127]	CHEN W Z，TAN X J，YU H D，et al. A fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical model for unsaturated porous media[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering，2009，1(1)：32-40. " target="_blank">
[128]	谭贤君，褚以惇，陈卫忠，等. 考虑冻融影响的岩土类材料导热系数计算新方法[J]. 岩土力学，2010，31(增2)：70-74.(TAN Xianjun，CHU Yidun，CHEN Weizhong，et al. A new method to study thermal conductivity of geomaterials considering phase change[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2010，31(Supp.2)：70-74.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">
[130]	谭贤君. 高海拔寒区隧道冻胀机制及其保温技术研究[博士学位论文][D]. 武汉：中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所，2010.(TAN Xianjun. Study on the mechanism of frost heave of tunnel in cold region with high altitude and related insulation technology[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Wuhan：Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics，Chinese Academy of Sciences，2010.(in Chinese)) " target="_blank">