|
|
|
| CONFINING PRESSURE EFFECT ON ROCK ENERGY |
| ZHANG Zhizhen1，2，GAO Feng1，2 |
| (1. State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering，China University of Mining and Technology，Xuzhou，Jiangsu 221116，China；2. School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering，China University of Mining and Technology，Xuzhou，Jiangsu 221116，China) |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Energy varies during the whole process of rock deformation and failure. In order to investigate the effect of confining pressure on rock energy variation，axial loading and unloading tests under six different confining pressures were conducted for sandstone samples. The confining pressure effects on variation and allocation pattern of elastic energy and dissipated energy were revealed，and the energy path of engineering rock mass was discussed. Three characteristic energy parameters，i.e. the energy accumulation limit，the maximum dissipated energy density and the residual elastic energy density，were proposed to describe the accumulation，dissipation and releasing of energy respectively. Rock energy variation under different confining pressures was found to be similar. The energy accumulation occurred mainly before the peak stress while the energy dissipation and releasing were dominant in the deformation stage after the peak stress. As the confining pressure increased，the maximum accumulated rock energy increased exponentially，the residual elastic energy density increased linearly，and the maximum dissipated energy density risen exponentially，indicating that the confining pressure enlarged the rock energy transmission and weakened the intensity of energy release. The greater the confining pressure was，the larger the elastic energy ratio in the stage before peak stress，the less the elastic energy ratio fall at the peak point，and the more closely the elastic energy ratio approached the maximum value when it rose again after the fall，indicating that the confining pressure enhanced the efficiency of energy accumulation，and elevated the energy storing capacity of fractured rock. The energy path of rock mass leading to buckling failure is a combination of the ones of enlarging the energy accumulation level and reducing the energy accumulation limit. When the slope of energy path is large，the rock mass stored a large quantity of energy reaches the critical state，and the sudden unloading of confining pressure can lead to energy releases strongly.
|
|
Received: 17 February 2014
|
|
|
|
| [1] 谢和平，鞠 杨，黎立云. 基于能量耗散与释放原理的岩石强度与整体破坏准则[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2005，24(17)：3 003–3 010. (XIE Heping，JU Yang，LI Liyun. Criteria for strength and structural failure of rocks based on energy dissipation and energy release principles[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2005，24(17)：3 003–3 010.(in Chinese))
[2] 张志镇，高 峰. 单轴压缩下岩石能量演化的非线性特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2012，31(6)：1 198–1 207.(ZHANG Zhizhen，GAO Feng. Research on nonlinear characteristics of rock energy evolution under uniaxial compression[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2012，31(6)：1 198–1 207.(in Chinese))
[3] 谢和平，鞠 杨，黎立云，等. 岩体变形破坏过程的能量机制[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2008，27(9)：1 729–1 740.(XIE Heping，JU Yang，LI Liyun，et al. Energy mechanism of deformation and failure of rocks[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2008，27(9)：1 729–1 740.(in Chinese))
[4] 郑在胜. 岩石变形中的能量传递过程与岩石变形动力学分析[J]. 中国科学：B辑，1990，(5)：524–537.(ZHENG Zaisheng. Energy transfer process and dynamic analysis during rock deformation[J]. Science in China：Series B，1990，(5)：524–537.(in Chinese))
[5] 蔡美峰，冀 东，郭奇峰. 基于地应力现场实测与开采扰动能量积聚理论的岩爆预测研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2013，32(10)：1 973–1 981.(CAI Meifeng，JI Dong，GUO Qifeng. Study of rockburst prediction based on in-situ stress measurement and theory of energy accumulation caused by mining disturbance[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2013，32(10)：1 973–1 981.(in Chinese))
[6] GAO F，ZHANG Z Z，LIU X G. Research on rock burst proneness index based on energy evolution in rock[J]. Disaster Advances，2012，5(4)：1 367–1 371.
[7] 宋义敏，杨小彬. 煤柱失稳破坏的变形场及能量演化试验研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2013，30(6)：822–827.(SONG Yimin，YANG Xiaobin. Evolution characteristics of deformation and energy fields during coal pillar instability[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering，2013，30(6)：822–827.(in Chinese))
[8] 吕祥锋，潘一山. 刚柔耦合吸能支护煤岩巷道冲击破坏相似试验与数值计算对比分析[J]. 岩土工程学报，2012，34(3)：477–482.(LU Xiangfeng，PAN Yishan. Simulation and numerical analysis of impact failure law of coal roadway under rigid-flexible energy absorbing support[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2012，34(3)：477–482.(in Chinese))
[9] 蒋红英，鲁进步，慕青松. 散体材料内部振动能量衰减的细观模型[J]. 中国科技论文，2013，8(5)：470–472.(JIANG Hongying，LU Jinbu，MU Qingsong. A micromechanical model of vibration energy attenuation in granular structure[J]. China Science Paper，2013，8(5)：470–472.(in Chinese))
[10] 谢和平，彭瑞东，鞠 杨，等. 岩石破坏的能量分析初探[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2005，24(15)：2 603–2 608.(XIE Heping，PENG Ruidong，JU Yang，et al. On energy analysis of rock failure[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2005，24(15)：2 603–2 608.(in Chinese))
[11] 黎立云，谢和平，鞠 杨，等. 岩石可释放应变能及耗散能的实验研究[J]. 工程力学，2011，28(3)：35–40.(LI Liyun，XIE Heping，JU Yang，et al. Experimental investigations of releasable energy and dissipative energy within rock[J]. Engineering Mechanics，2011，28(3)：35–40.(in Chinese))
[12] 张志镇，高 峰. 单轴压缩下红砂岩能量演化试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2012，31(5)：953–962.(ZHANG Zhizhen，GAO Feng. Experimental research on energy evolution of red sandstone samples under uniaxial compression[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2012，31(5)：953–962.(in Chinese))
[13] 梁昌玉，李 晓，王声星，等. 岩石单轴压缩应力–应变特征的率相关性及能量机制试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2012，31(9)：1 830–1 838.(LIANG Changyu，LI Xiao，WANG Shengxing，et al. Experimental investigations on rate-dependent stress-strain characteristics and energy mechanism of rock under uniaxial compression[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2012，31(9)：1 830– 1 838.(in Chinese))
[14] 黄 达，黄润秋，张永兴. 粗晶大理岩压缩力学特性的静态加载速率效应及能量机制试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2012，31(2)：245–255.(HUANG Da，HUANG Runqiu，ZHANG Yongxing. Experimental investigations on static loading rate effects on mechanical properties and energy mechanism of coarse crystal grain marble under uniaxial compression[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2012，31(2)：245–255.(in Chinese))
[15] 刘建锋，徐 进，李青松. 循环荷载下岩石阻尼参数测试的试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2010，29(5)：1 036–1 041.(LIU Jianfeng，XU Jin，LI Qingsong. Experimental research on damping parameters of rock under cyclic loading[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2010，29(5)：1 036–1 041.(in Chinese))
[16] 彭瑞东，谢和平，鞠 杨. 砂岩拉伸过程中的能量耗散与损伤演化分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2007，26(12)：2 526–2 531.(PENG Ruidong，XIE Heping，JU Yang. Analysis of energy dissipation and damage evolution of sandstone during tensile process[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2007，26(12)：2 526– 2 531.(in Chinese))
[17] 喻 勇，张宗贤，俞 洁，等. 岩石直接拉伸破坏中的能量耗散及损伤特征[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，1998，17(4)：386–392.(YU Yong，ZHANG Zongxian，YU Jie，et al. Energy dissipation and damage characters in rock direct tensile destruction[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，1998，17(4)：386–392.(in Chinese))
[18] 黎立云，王荣新，马 旭，等. 双向加压下岩石能量规律的实验研究[J]. 煤炭学报，2010，35(12)：2 033–2 038.(LI Liyun，WANG Rongxin，MA Xu，et al. The energy variety analysis of rock under biaxial compression[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2010，35(12)：2 033–2 038.(in Chinese))
[19] 尤明庆，华安增. 岩石试件破坏过程的能量分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2002，21(6)：778–781.(YOU Mingqing，HUA Anzeng. Energy analysis of failure process of rock specimens[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2002，21(6)：778–781.(in Chinese))
[20] 杨圣奇，徐卫亚，苏承东. 大理岩三轴压缩变形破坏与能量特征研究[J]. 工程力学，2007，24(1)：136–142.(YANG Shengqi，XU Weiya，SU Chengdong. Study on the deformation failure and energy properties of marble specimen under triaxial compression[J]. Engineering Mechanics，2007，24(1)：136–142.(in Chinese))
[21] 苏承东，张振华. 大理岩三轴压缩的塑性变形与能量特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2008，27(2)：273–280.(SU Chengdong，ZHANG Zhenhua. Analysis of plastic deformation and energy property of marble under pseudo-triaxial compression[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2008，27(2)：273–280.(in Chinese))
[22] 华安增，孔园波，李世平，等. 岩块降压破碎的能量分析[J]. 煤炭学报，1995，20(4)：389–392.(HUA Anzeng，KONG Yuanbo，LI Shiping，et al. Energy analysis of depressurized rock fracture[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，1995，20(4)：389–392.(in Chinese))
[23] 陈卫忠，吕森鹏，郭小红，等. 基于能量原理的卸围压试验与岩爆判据研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2009，28(8)：1 530–1 540. (CHEN Weizhong，LU Senpeng，GUO Xiaohong，et al. Research on unloading confining pressure tests and rockburst criterion based on energy theory[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2009，28(8)：1 530–1 540.(in Chinese))
[24] 黄 达，谭 清，黄润秋. 高围压卸荷条件下大理岩破碎块度分形特征及其与能量相关性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2012，31(7)：1 379–1 389.(HUANG Da，TAN Qing，HUANG Runqiu. Fractal characteristics of fragmentation and correlation with energy of marble under unloading with high confining pressure[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2012，31(7)：1 379–1 389. (in Chinese))
[25] 许国安，牛双建，靖洪文，等. 砂岩加卸载条件下能耗特征试验研究[J]. 岩土力学，2011，32(12)：3 611–3 617.(XU Guoan，NIU Shuangjian，JING Hongwen，et al. Experimental study of energy features of sandstone under loading and unloading[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2011，32(12)：3 611–3 617.(in Chinese))
[26] 牛双建，靖洪文，梁军起. 不同加载路径下砂岩破坏模式试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2011，30(增2)：3 966–3 974.(NIU Shuangjian，JING Hongwen，LIANG Junqi. Experimental study of failure mode of sandstone under different loading paths[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2011，30(Supp.2)：3 966–3 974.(in Chinese))
[27] 朱泽奇，盛 谦，肖培伟，等. 岩石卸围压破坏过程的能量耗散分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2011，30(增1)：2 675–2 681.(ZHU Zeqi，SHENG Qian，XIAO Peiwei，et al. Analysis of energy dissipation in process of unloading confining pressure failure of rocks[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2011，30(Supp.1)：2 675–2 681.(in Chinese))
[28] HE M C，MIAO J L，FENG J L. Rock burst process of limestone and its acoustic emission characteristics under true-triaxial unloading conditions[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2010，47(2)：286–298.
[29] 张志镇. 岩石变形破坏过程中的能量演化机制[博士学位论文][D]. 徐州：中国矿业大学，2013.(ZHANG Zhizhen. Energy evolution mechanism during rock deformation and failure[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Xuzhou：China University of Mining and Technology，2013.(in Chinese))
[30] 蔡美峰，何满潮，刘东燕. 岩石力学与工程[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2002：55–57.(CAI Meifeng，HE Manchao，LIU Dongyan. Rock mechanics and engineering[M]. Beijing：Science Press，2002：55–57.(in Chinese))
[31] 谢和平，周宏伟，刘建锋，等. 不同开采条件下采动力学行为研究[J]. 煤炭学报，2011，36(7)：1 067–1 074.(XIE Heping，ZHOU Hongwei，LIU Jianfeng，et al. Mining-induced mechanical behavior in coal seams under different mining layouts[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2011，36(7)：1 067–1 074.(in Chinese)) |
|
|
|
2015, Vol. 34 
