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| Experimental investigation on overtopping failure of landslide dams with different conditions of compactness |
| ZHAO Gaowen1，2，JIANG Yuanjun1，QIAO Jianping1，MENG Huajun3，YANG Zongji1 |
(1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Chengdu，Sichuan 610041，China；2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China；3. Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement and Geohazard，
Ministry of Land and Resources，Institute of Geomechanics，Chinese Academy
of Geological Sciences，Beijing 100081，China) |
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Abstract Two types of indoor flume experiments on the breaching process of the dams in loose and dense conditions respectively were carried out to study the influence of compactness on the mechanism of overtopping erosion of landslide dams. The experimental results show that the compactness has a significant effect on the process of overtopping erosion of landslide dams. Under the loose condition，the dam body suffers mainly from surface erosion，gully erosion，lateral erosion and undercut erosion，while the effect of headward erosion is very limited. The breach flow rate rises and drops fast and the dunes are formed when the dam-breaching is close to completion. The breach side is mainly subjected to shear failure in such a situation. Under the dense condition，multiple over falls and scour pit are formed and the effect of headward erosion is obvious. With the development of headcut erosion，the breach flow transforms from the non-weir flow to broad weir flow and then to practical weir flow. When the multiple over falls merged into a single upstream migrating head cut，the reverse swirling flow is formed which accelerates the failure of dam body. The breach side is mainly subjected to gravitational collapse under such a condition.
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2018, Vol. 37 
