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| Implicit and explicit integration schemes of a constitutive model for unsaturated expansive clays |
| LI Jian1,2,WANG Pengyue1,2,HAI Lu1,2,ZHU Yanhua1,2,CAI Guoqing1,2 |
| (1. School of Civil Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;2. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Civil Engineering Education,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China) |
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Abstract Comparative studies on the accuracy and convergence of implicit and explicit integration schemes of a constitutive model for unsaturated expansive clays are conducted. The differences and interactions between mechanical and water retention behaviours of macrostructure and microstructure are considered in the model. The model is rather complex due to the adoption of bounding surface theory,multi-plastic mechanism,multiple hardening parameters,coupling hardening law,etc. Based on the Euler forward method,an explicit integration scheme combining an automatic sub-stepping scheme with a method to determine the number of active plastic mechanisms is proposed. Comparisons on the accuracy and convergence of the explicit integration scheme and existing implicit integration scheme are carried out according to the calculated results with different strain increment size on control-strain tests,which provides a basis for selecting the stress integration scheme of complex models.
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