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| Research progress on overtopping failure mechanisms and breaching flood of landslide dams caused by landslides and avalanches |
| SHI Zhenming1，2，ZHOU Mingjun1，2，PENG Ming1，2，ZHOU Gongdan3，4，ZHANG Limin5，CAI Shuo6 |
| (1. College of Civil Engineering，Tongji University，Shanghai 200092，China；2. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education，Tongji University，Shanghai 200092，China；3. China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences，Chinese Academy of Sciences-Higher Education Council of Pakistan，Islamabad 45320，Pakistan；4. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Chengdu，Sichuan 610041，China；5. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering，The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology，Hong Kong 999077，China；6. School of Computer and Communication Engineering，Changsha University of Science and Technology，Changsha，Hunan 410114，China) |
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Abstract The landslide dams caused by landslide or avalanche debris normally have loose structure and poor stability，leading to huge breaching flood and catastrophic disaster to the downstream areas. Key processes such as stage division，cross-section and longitudinal profile evolutions，outburst flood evolution and flood routing along rivers，are discussed based on field investigations，physical modelling tests and numerical simulations. On this basis，the existing erosion equations for calculating the downward cutting and lateral spreading of landslide dams are summarized. Different from the development of artificial dams，it is found that the evolutions of the cross-section and the longitudinal direction of landslide dams are affected by the non-uniform distribution of soil materials in space and the sediment content of overflowing water. In addition，compared with other erosion relationships，the linear and hyperbolic relationships between the shear stress and the erosion resistance can better reflect the law of water-soil coupling during the failure of a landslide dam. Furthermore，five key problems are suggested for future research on landslide dam breaching，including (1) characteristics of dam breaching due to different causes，(2) effects of non-uniform distributed soil materials，(3) coupling effect of seepage and overtopping，(4) scaling effect of physical modelling tests of landslide dams，and (5) long-term impact of outburst floods on the morphology of river channels. This study provides meaningful theoretical basis for improving the prediction ability of landslide dam disaster chain and reducing the threats of dam breaching flood.
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2021, Vol. 40 
