|
|
|
Abstract In warm and ice-rich permafrost regions,the settlement deformation of the traditional embankments is obvious owing to permafrost degradation. Therefore,cooling methods,such as crushed-rock revetments and thermosyphons,should be implemented in the embankments to improve the thermal and mechanical stability of the embankments. To evaluate the reinforcing effects of different types of reinforcement measures and the mechanical stability of the reinforced embankments,based on six monitoring sections along the Qinghai—Tibet Railway in permafrost regions,the reinforcing effects of combined crushed-rock revetment and thermosyphon measure and single crushed-rock revetment measure are evaluated by analyzing historical deformation data. Then,the settlement process of three sections with large deformation is evolved by using the Verhulst model and the exponential curve method in order to evaluate the mechanical stability of three sections. The results show that the deformation rate of a traditional embankment will be effectively slowed down after reinforced while that the reinforcement efficiency of the combined measure is faster than the single crushed-rock revetment. In the permafrost regions with massive ground ice,the mechanical stability of the embankments can be significantly improved by using combined measures. A single reinforcement measure may only slow down the deformation rate of the embankments to a certain extent,but can not effectively improve their long-term mechanical stability. In addition,the uneven settlement of the embankments can be effectively adjusted by using crushed-rock revetment with different thicknesses on both sides of the embankments. This study aims to deepen the understanding of the effect of embankment reinforcement measures and to provide a scientific basis for embankment reinforcement in the permafrost regions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [1] 邱国庆,刘经仁. 冻土学辞典[M]. 兰州:甘肃科学技术出版社,1994:83–84.(QIU Guoqing,LIU Jingren. Geocryological Glossary[M]. Lanzhou:Gansu Science and Technology Press,1994:83–84.(in Chinese))
[2] 周幼吾,郭东信,邱国庆,等. 中国冻土[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2000:40–45.(ZHOU Youwu,GUO Dongxin,QIU Guoqing,et al. Geocryology in China[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2000:40–45.(in Chinese))
[3] 马 巍,周国庆,牛富俊,等. 青藏高原重大冻土工程的基础研究进展与展望[J]. 中国基础科学,2016,18(6):9–19.(MA Wei,ZHOU Guoqing,NIU Fujun,et al. Progress and prospect of the basic research on the major permafrost projects in the Qinghai—Tibet Plateau[J]. China Basic Science,2016,18(6):9–19.(in Chinese))
[4] 牛富俊,马 巍,吴青柏. 青藏铁路主要冻土路基工程热稳定性及主要冻融灾害[J]. 地球科学与环境学报,2011,33(2):196–206. (NIU Fujun,MA Wei,WU Qingbai. Thermal stability of roadbeds of the Qinghai—Tibet railway in permafrost regions and the main freezing-thawing hazards[J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2011,33(2):196–206.(in Chinese))
[5] KONDRATIEV V G,PROF S D. Main geotechnical problems of railways and roads in kriolitozone and their solutions[J]. Procedia Engineering,2017,189:702–709.
[6] 程国栋,马 巍. 青藏铁路建设中冻土工程问题[J]. 自然杂志,2006,28(6):315–320.(CHENG Guodong,MA Wei. Frozen soil engineering problems in construction of the Qinghai—Tibet railway[J]. Chinese Journal of Nature,2006,28(6):315–320.(in Chinese))
[7] 潘卫东. 青藏高原多年冻土区铁路路基热稳定性研究[博士学位论文][D]. 兰州:兰州大学,2002.(PAN Weidong. Research on thermal stability of railway roadbed in the permafrost area of the Qinghai—Tibet Plateau[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2002.(in Chinese))
[8] 张玉芝. 深季节性冻土地区高速铁路路基稳定性研究[博士学位论文][D]. 北京:北京交通大学,2015.(ZHANG Yuzhi. Study on the stability of high-speed railway roadbed in deep seasonally frozen region[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2015.(in Chinese))
[9] 程国栋,吴青柏,马 巍. 青藏铁路主动冷却路基的工程效果[J]. 中国科学(E辑:技术科学),2009,39(1):16–22.(CHENG Guodong,WU Qingbai,MA Wei. Engineering effect of active cooling subgrade of the Qinghai—Tibet Railway[J]. Science in China(Series E:Technological Sciences),2009,39(1):16–22.(in Chinese))
[10] ZHANG S Z,NIU F J,WANG S,et al. Necessity of cooling methods for transportation infrastructure construction in permafrost regions of Qinghai—Tibet Plateau[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2021,80:6 705–6 723.
[11] ZHANG S Z,NIU F J,WANG J C,et al. Evaluation of damage probability of railway embankments in permafrost regions in Qinghai—Tibet Plateau[J]. Engineering Geology,2021,284:106027.
[12] 侯彦东,吴青柏,孙志忠,等. 青藏铁路碎石护坡-热管复合措施的补强效果研究[J]. 冰川冻土,2015,37(1):118–125.(HOU Yandong,WU Qingbai,SUN Zhizhong,et al. The coupled reinforcing effect of crushed rock slope protection and thermosyphons in Qinghai-Tibet Railway[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2015,37(1):118–125.(in Chinese))
[13] HOU Y D,WU Q B,DONG J H,et al. Numerical simulation of efficient cooling by coupled RR and TCPT on railway embankments in permafrost regions[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2018,133(25):351–360.
[14] 吴紫汪. 冻土工程分类[J]. 冰川冻土,1982,4(4):43–48.(WU Ziwang. Classification of frozen soil in engineering constructions[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1982,4(4):43–48.(in Chinese))
[15] 牛富俊,张建明,张 钊. 青藏铁路北麓河试验段冻土工程地质特征及评价[J]. 冰川冻土,2002,24(3):264–269.(NIU Fujun,ZHANG Jianming,ZHANG Zhao. Engineering geological characteristics and evaluations of permafrost in beiluhe testing field of Qinghai—Tibetan railway[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2002,24(3):264–269.(in Chinese))
[16] 丁明军. 青藏高原及周边地区气温和降水格点数据(1998—2017)[R]. 北京:国家青藏高原科学数据中心,2019,DOI:10.11888/Meteoro. tpdc.270239.(DING Mingjun. Temperature and precipitation grid data of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas in 1998-2017[R]. Beijing:National Tibetan Plateau/Third Pole Environment Data Center,2019,DOI:10.11888/Meteoro.tpdc.270239. (in Chinese))
[17] 宋彦辉,聂德新. 基础沉降预测的Verhulst模型[J]. 岩土力学,2003,24(1):123–126.(SONG Yanhui,NIE Dexin. Verhulst mode for predicting foundation settlement[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(1):123–126.(in Chinese))
[18] 罗战友,龚晓南,杨晓军. 全过程沉降量的灰色verhulst预测方法[J]. 水利学报,2003,34(3):29–32.(LUO Zhanyou,GONG Xiaonan,YANG Xiaojun. Grey Verhulst prediction of settlement during the whole process of construction and operation[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003,34(3):29–32.(in Chinese))
[19] 张满想,赵 健,郭 昕,等. 灰色模型在路基沉降预测中的研究及应用[J]. 中外公路,2020,40(4):21–25.(ZHANG Manxiang,ZHAO Jian,GUO Xin,et al. Research and application of grey model in prediction of subgrade settlement[J]. Journal of China and Foreign Highway,2020,40(4):21–25.(in Chinese))
[20] 孙志忠,马 巍,党海明,等. 青藏铁路多年冻土区路基变形特征及其来源[J]. 岩土力学,2013,34(9):2 006–2 671.(SUN Zhizhong,MA Wei,DANG Haiming,et al. Characteristics and causes of embankment deformation for Qinghai—Tibet Railway in permafrost regions[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(9):2 006–2 671.(in Chinese))
[21] 刘明浩,牛富俊,林战举,等. 高温冻土区U型块石路基长期降温效果及变形特征研究[J]. 岩土力学,2017,38(11):3 304–3 310. (LIU Minghao,NIU Fujun,LIN Zhanju,et al. Long-term cooling effect and deformation characteristics of a U-shaped crushed rock embankment in warm permafrost regions[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(11):3 304–3 310.(in Chinese))
[22] 马 巍,刘 端,吴青柏. 青藏铁路冻土路基变形监测与分析[J]. 岩土力学,2008,29(3):571–579.(MA Wei,LIU Rui,WU Qingbai. Monitoring and analysis of embankment deformation in permafrost regions of Qinghai—Tibet Railway[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(3):571–579.(in Chinese))
[23] 陈 拓,穆彦虎,王建州. 重复机车荷载作用下青藏铁路冻土路基累积塑性变形分析[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报,2018,15(6):1 430–1 436.(CHEN Tuo,MU Yanhu,WANG Jianzhou. Analysis of cumulative plastic deformation of Qinghai-Tibet Railway subgrade under repeated train loading in permafrost regions[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2018,15(6):1 430–1 436.(in Chinese))
[24] QI J L,SHENG Y,ZHANG J M,et al. Settlement of embankments in permafrost regions in the Qinghai—Tibet Plateau[J]. Norwegian Journal of Geography,2007,61(2):49–55.
[25] 汪海年,窦明健. 青藏高原多年冻土区路基温度场数值模拟[J]. 长安大学学报:自然科学版,2006,26(4):11–15.(WANG Hainian,DOU Mingjian. Numerical simulation of thermal field in permafrost embankments of Qinghai—Tibet highway[J]. Journal of Chang'an University:Natural Science Edition,2006,26(4):11–15.(in Chinese))
[26] 张鲁新,原思成,杨永平. 青藏铁路多年冻土区路基变形裂缝发生机理及其防治[J]. 第四纪研究,2003,23(6):604–610.(ZHANG Luxin,YUAN Sicheng,YANG Yongping. Mechanism and prevention of deformation cracks of embankments in the permafrost region along Qinghai-Xizang Railway[J]. Quaternary Sciences,2003,23(6):604–610.(in Chinese))
[27] 盛 煜,马 巍,温 智. 青藏铁路高填方路基对下伏多年冻土热状况的影响[J]. 铁道工程学报,2003,(4):22–25.(SHENG Yu,MA Wei,WEN Zhi. Effect of high embankment on the thermal regime of underlying permafrost in Qing—Zang Railway[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2003,(4):22–25.(in Chinese))
[28] WU Q B,ZHAO H T,ZHANG Z Q,et al. Long-term role of cooling the underlying permafrost of the crushed rock structure embankment along the Qinghai—Xizang railway[J]. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes,2020,31(1):172–183.
[29] 赖远明,张鲁新,张淑娟,等. 利用抛石护坡调节冻土路基阴阳坡的温度分布[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(24):4 212–4 220. (LAI Yuanming,ZHANG Luxin,ZHANG Shujuan,et al. Adjusting temperature distribution under the north and south slope of roadbed by the ripped-rock revetment in permafrost regions[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(24):4 212–4 220.(in Chinese))
[30] NIU F J,LIU M H,CHENG G D,et al. Long-term thermal regimes of the Qinghai—Tibet Railway embankments in plateau permafrost regions[J]. Science China Earth Sciences,2015,58(9):1 669–1 676.
[31] 中华人民共和国行业标准编写组. TB10001—2016铁路路基设计规范[S]. 北京:中国铁道出版社,2016.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China. TB10001—2016 Code for design of railway earth structure[S]. Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2016.(in Chinese))
[32] 马 巍,王大雁. 冻土力学[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2014:165–166.(MA Wei,WANG Dayan. Frozen soil mechanics[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2014:165–166.(in Chinese))
[33] LUO J,NIU F J,LIU M H,et al. Field experimental study on long-term cooling and deformation characteristics of crushed-rock revetment embankment at the Qinghai—Tibet Railway[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2018,139:256–263.
|
|
|