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| Study on the evolution and influencing factors of frost heaving force of water-bearing cracks during freezing-thawing process |
| JIA Hailiang1，ZHAO Siqi1，DING Shun2，WANG Ting3，DONG Yuanhong4，TAN Xianjun5 |
| (1. College of Architecture and Civil Engineering，Xi?an University of Science and Technology，Xi?an，Shaanxi 710054，China；2. School of Civil Engineering，Dalian University of Technology，Dalian，Liaoning 116024，China；3. College of Geology and Environment，Xi?an University of Science and Technology，Xi?an，Shaanxi 710054，China；4. College of Civil Engineering，Xijing University，Xi?an，Shaanxi 710199，China；5. State Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Engineering，Institute of
Rock and Soil Mechanics，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Wuhan，Hubei 430071，China) |
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Abstract The freezing-thawing damage nature of rock mass is the expansion of existing cracks driven by the frost heaving force in the process of water-ice transformation. Therefore，the study of the generation and evolution of the frost heaving force in cracks is the core problem in the study of rock mass freezing-thawing damage and the basic premise for revealing the freezing-thawing damage mechanism of rock mass. In this paper，the crack internal temperature，the formation process of crack ice，the evolution of the freezing-heaving force inside the crack and the freezing-heaving deformation at the crack end are monitored in the limestone with single crack during freezing-thawing，and effects of different variables (freezing rate，crack water content (water ratio of the crack volume)，crack depth) on frost heave characteristics of cracks. The results show that the temperature change in the crack can be divided into six stages during freezing-thawing. In the rapid freezing stage，there are obvious phenomena of undercooling and thermal relaxation，and the crack water freezes from the outside to the inside，forming an ice shell to restrict the unfrozen water. Fracture internal frost heaving force and frost heave deformation evolution process can be divided into five stages. In the stage 2，the frost heave force grows to peak and then rapid decline，while the frost heave deformation evolution can be divided into two modes：rapid increase first and then rapid decrease，and rapid increase first and then slow increase. The influence of different variables on the degree of undercooling，the duration of thermal relaxation and the maximum frost heaving force in the water freezing process is significant. When the crack depth is large，the crack will appear at the crack end. Based on the above experimental results，it can be concluded that the generation and evolution of the frost heaving force in the freezing-thawing process are controlled by the unfrozen water seal condition in the crack，that the formation of the sealing condition is accompanied by a process of “unfrozen water freezing-ice shell fracture-unfrozen water extrusion-ice shell closure”，and that whether the crack expands after the sealing condition is determined by the freezing rate，the initial water content and the crack depth.
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2022, Vol. 41 
