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| Array three-dimensional trapdoor experimental study on soil deformation due to ground collapse |
| RUI Rui1，2，YANG Yu1，2，YANG Haiqing3，HUANG Teng3，XU Yangqing4，HE Shikai1，SUN Tianjian1，GUO Can3 |
| (1. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture，Wuhan University of Technology，Wuhan，Hubei 430070，China；2. Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park，Wuhan University of Technology，Sanya，Hainan 572025，China；3. China Railway Construction Corporation Harbour and Channel Engineering Bureau Group Co.，Ltd.，Zhuhai，Guangdong 519070，China；4. Wuhan Design and Research Institute Co.，Ltd. of China Coal Technology and Engineering Group，Wuhan，Hubei 430000，China) |
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Abstract In trapdoor tests，ground loss is typically simplified as the settlement volume of the trapdoor. Trapdoor tests are commonly used to study the soil deformation and surface settlement induced by the karst collapse and tunnel excavation. However，the current trapdoor tests are mostly in 2D conditions. Future investigation is needed to understand the progressive development of soil deformation with ground loss in 3D conditions. In this study，dense sand half and full 3D trapdoor tests were conducted using a 12×12 array trapdoor test device with 3 different fill heights. 144 load sensors were used to monitor loading variations during trapdoor settlement in full tests. Laser displacement transducers，which could move on the biaxial linear tracks were used to measure the deformation of the fill surface and later to calculate the surface settlement contour. Laser displacement transducers measured fill surface deformation and calculated the surface settlement contour. The half trapdoor tests were conducted to corresponding the full trapdoor tests and the particle image velocimetry(PIV) technique captured the cross-section deformation behind the plexiglass plate. In this study，the ground reaction curve was calculated based on full trapdoor test results，and the development mechanism of the shear band with trapdoor settlement was evaluated. This study revealed that settlement at different layers from 3D trapdoor tests well matched the 2D Gaussian distribution curve and discussed the relationship between the settlement width and the settlement volume. Additionally，this study proposed a method to predict the surface settlement and ground deformation in 3D trapdoor test conditions. The results of this study can provide guidance for soil deformation and surface settlement in real projects.
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2023, Vol. 42 
