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| Mechanical characteristics analysis of full-length anchorage bolt based on post peak deformation of surrounding rock in soft rock roadway |
| LI Yingming1，2，WANG Xiangjun1，2，ZHAO Guangming1，2，MENG Xiangrui1，2，LIU Gang3，CHENG Xiang1，2 |
| (1. State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines，Anhui University of Science and Technology，Huainan，Anhui 232001，China；2. Key Laboratory of Safe and Effective Coal Mining，Ministry of Education，Anhui University of Science and Technology，Huainan，Anhui 232001，China；3. Heilongjiang Ground Pressure and Gas Control in Deep Mining Key Laboratory，Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology，Harbin，Heilongjiang 150022，China) |
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Abstract When full-length anchoring bolts were used to support roadways，the deformations of high-stress soft rocks caused complex changes in the internal force distribution of bolts. The work explored the bearing characteristics of full-length anchoring bolts，especially the evolution law of the mechanical properties of bolt bodies from normal bearing to critical and debonding bearing. The strength-softening and volume-expansion characteristics of the surrounding rock in the plastic stage were considered based on the secondary release displacement of surrounding rocks under the spatial effect of the excavation surface of the roadway. The interaction model of bolts and surrounding rocks was established under three typical working conditions of normal support，critical support，slip，and debonding to derive the analytical solution of the shear stress distribution of the axial force and the anchoring interface along the length of bolts. Besides，we systematically analyzed the effects of lagging support distance(support timing)，expansion coefficients，bolt lengths，residual shear strength，and pallet reaction force on the force distribution of bolts. The research results showed that：(1) The internal force distribution of bolts conformed to the neutral point theory under normal support conditions. The axial force of bolts rose rapidly from the orifice along the bolt bodies，and it exhibited exponential attenuation towards the hole bottom after reaching its peak at the neutral point. The shear stress of the anchoring interface quickly attenuated from the maximum value to 0 in the part from the hole top to the neutral point，and it first increased and then decreased along the bolt body. Shear stress on both sides of the neutral point was in the opposite direction. The axial force of the bolt and the shear stress of the anchoring interface both decreased with the increased lagging support distance and increased with the increased expansion coefficients and bolt lengths. (2) The neutral point of the bolt was moved to the hole top under the critical working conditions of support. Axial force reached its maximum at the hole top and quickly attenuated to 0 along the bolt body to the hole bottom. The shear stress of the anchoring interface was distributed in an arched manner. The shear stress at both ends of the bolt body was 0，and the direction pointed to the hole bottom，which had a significant compressive stress effect on surrounding rocks. The earlier support timing and the larger bolt length were conducive to the rapid improvement of the anchoring force of bolts under weaker surrounding rocks. However，the bolt body was easy to break near the hole top. (3) The debonding range at the hole top was positively correlated with the expansion coefficients and bolt lengths and negatively correlated with residual shear strength under slip and debonding. As the ranges of slip and debonding increased，the neutral point was offset to the hole bottom. The shear stress distribution of the anchoring interface evolved into a bimodal curve. Axial force concentration was significantly reduced，and effective compressive stress on surrounding rocks was significantly reduced. The slip and debonding of the anchoring interface greatly weakened the load transfer capacity of the bolt body，which hindered the anchoring capacity of the bolt. Stress causing cracks on the anchoring interface could be transferred to the tray in time if a tray was applied，which suppressed slip and debonding.
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2023, Vol. 42 
