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| Model tests for deformation and failure characteristics during layered soft rock tunnel excavation under different horizontal stress conditions |
| SHU Xiaoyun1，2，TIAN Hongming1，CHEN Weizhong1，GUO Changbao3，ZHU Zhende2，TIAN Yun4，LI Zhe5 |
(1. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering，Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Wuhan，Hubei 430071，China；2. College of Civil and Transportation Engineering，Hohai University，Nanjing，Jiangsu 210024，China；3. Institute of Geomechanics，Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences，Beijing 100081，China；
4. Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province，Shaoxing University，Shaoxing，
Zhejiang 312000，China；5. China Railway Design Corporation，Tianjin 300251，China) |
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Abstract The deformation and failure characteristics of layered soft rocks are related to their occurrence，and the horizontal stress significantly affects the stability of the surrounding rocks of layered soft rock tunnels. In this paper，based on 3D printing technology，the deformation and failure characteristics of tunnel surrounding rocks under different horizontal stress conditions are studied through model tests，in which horizontal lateral pressure coefficient and time-dependent deformation of rock mass were considered. In addition，the distribution law of strain field disturbed by layered soft rock tunnel excavation is obtained. The research results are as follows. When the lateral pressure coefficient is less than 1.4，the effect of layers on surrounding rock deformation is more significant；the compressive strain of the surrounding rock is unevenly distributed along the perimeter of the tunnel；the failure mode of the surrounding rock is shear sliding failure along the soft layer. When the lateral pressure coefficient is greater than 1.4，with the increase of the horizontal stress，the distribution of the compressive strain of the surrounding rock is deflected along the direction perpendicular to the horizontal stress；the compressive strain increases and the excavation disturbed zone expands rapidly；the failure mode is layer shear slip combined with bedrock compression-shear failure. After tunnel excavation，the compressive strain of the surrounding rock rapidly grows over time in the pre-deformation period and continues to expand along the layer and the direction perpendicular to the layer to the deeper part of the surrounding rock. The orientation of surrounding rock failure after layered soft rock tunnel excavation is closely related to the horizontal stress and the stratigraphic occurrence. The orientations vary significantly under different horizontal stress conditions. The local strengthening and overall stabilization of the surrounding rock should be integrated during tunnel timbering design.
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2023, Vol. 42 
