|
|
|
| Deformation analysis and treatment of the steeply dipping and bedding slope with thin layers at left bank tailwater outlet of Wudongde hydropower station |
| FAN Qixiang1，2，SHI Cheng3，4，LIN Peng3，4，PENG Jiyin1，GU Gongkai1，LIU Ke5，DENG Yong6 |
| (1. China Three Gorges Corporation，Wuhan，Hubei 430010，China；2. China Huaneng Group Co.，Ltd.，Beijing 100031，China；3. Department of Hydraulic Engineering，Tsinghua University，Beijing 100084，China；4. Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute，Tsinghua University，Chengdu，Sichuan 610071，China；5. China Three Gorges Construction Engineering (Group) Co.，Ltd.，Chengdu，Sichuan 610000，China；6. Changjiang Institute of Survey，Planning，Design and Research Co.，Ltd.，Wuhan，Hubei 430010，China) |
|
|
|
|
Abstract The tailwater outlet slope on the left bank of Wudongde hydropower station，as a key slope shared by the diversion outlet，tailwater outlet and flood discharging outlet，is characterized by the steeply dipping and bedding structure with thin layers，the hidden passage of a long-growth fault and the crossing of tunnels. This paper firstly analyses the reasons for the sudden deformation of the slope-tunnel system caused by the key problems encountered in geology，design and construction，and the corresponding treatment methods are discussed systematically. Through the implementation of a series of comprehensive measures，including systematic reinforcement，support by concrete retaining walls on the open face，strict adherence to the excavation sequence of “slope before tunnel”，strict limitation of the mass vibration rate of blasting，and strengthening of the construction of external waterproofing system，the excavation of the tunnels through the slope has been successfully completed under controlled deformation monitoring，and the excavation stabilization of the slope-tunnel system is solved after the emergence of sudden deformations during the construction period. Secondly，it is verified by numerical simulation analysis that the dynamically adjusted support measures can meet the safety requirements of the slope during the construction and operation periods. Finally，the overall response strategy and specific process after the sudden deformation of the slope-tunnel system are systematically elaborated. The long-term monitoring results show that the tailwater outlet slope has been operating safely for more than nine years. The research results have important reference significance for the excavation reinforcement and stabilization of similar projects.
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] HUANG R，LI W. Formation，distribution and risk control of landslides in China[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering，2011，3(02)：97–116.
[2] ZANG M，YANG G，DONG J，et al. Experimental study on seismic response and progressive failure characteristics of bedding rock slopes[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering，2022，14(5)：1 394–1 405.
[3] 李安洪，周德培，冯 君. 顺层岩质路堑边坡破坏模式及设计对策[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2009，28(增1)：2 915–2 921.(LI Anhong，ZHOU Depei，FENG Jun，et al. Failure modes of bedding rock cutting slope and design countermeasures[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2009，28(Supp.1)：2 915–2 921.(in Chinese))
[4] 高永涛，肖 术，吴顺川，等. 顺层岩质边坡变形破坏特征及稳定性数值模拟[J]. 工程科学学报，2015，37(11)：1 403–1 409.(GAO Yongtao，XIAO Shu，WU Shunchuan，et al. Numerical simulation of the deformation and failure characteristics of consequent rock slopes and their stability[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering，2015，37(11)：1 403–1 409.(in Chinese))
[5] 黄润秋，赵建军，巨能攀，等. 汤屯高速公路顺层岩质边坡变形机制分析及治理对策研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2007，26(2)：239–246.(HUANG Runqiu，ZHAO Jianjun，JU Nengpan，et al. Study on deformation mechanism and control method of bedding rock slope along Tangtun expressway[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2007，26(2)：239–246.(in Chinese))
[6] 林 杭，曹 平，李江腾，等. 层状岩质边坡破坏模式及稳定性的数值分析[J]. 岩土力学，2010，31(10)：3 300–3 304.(LIN Hang，CAO Ping，LI Jiangteng，et al. Numerical analysis of failure modes and stability of stratified rock slopes[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2010，31(10)：3 300–3 304.(in Chinese))
[7] 孙书伟，李 圆，杨晓锐，等. 不同岩层倾角顺倾层状岩质边坡破坏机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2024，43(7)：1 607–1 620. (SUN Shuwei，LI Yuan，YANG Xiaorui，et al. Study on the failure mechanism of rock slopes with dipped layered structures under various rock dip conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2024，43(7)：1 607–1 620.(in Chinese))
[8] 李龙起，罗书学，王运超，等. 不同降雨条件下顺层边坡力学响应模型试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2014，33(4)：755–762.(LI Longqi，LUO Shuxue，WANG Yunchao，et al. Model tests for mechanical response of bedding rock slope under different rainfall conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2014，33(4)：755–762.(in Chinese))
[9] LIN P，LIU X，HU S，et al. Large deformation analysis of a high steep slope relating to the Laxiwa reservoir，China[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2016，49：2 253–2 276.
[10] 穆成林，裴向军，黄润秋，等. 含不连续软弱夹层顺层边坡破坏机制与稳定性分析[J]. 公路，2016，61(7)：50–58.(MU Chenglin，PEI Xiangjun，HUANG Runqiu，et al. Analysis on the failure mechanism and stability of contained non-continuous weak interlayers bedding slope[J]. Highway，2016，61(7)：50–58.(in Chinese))
[11] 袁家好，鲁祖德，陈从新，等. 含双软弱夹层岩质边坡稳定性上限解[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2024，43(2)：412–423.(YUAN Jiahao，LU Zude，CHEN Congxin，et al. Stability analysis of rock slopes with double weak interlayers based on upper bound limit analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2024，43(2)：412–423.(in Chinese))
[12] 费鸿禄，苑俊华. 基于爆破累积损伤的边坡稳定性变化研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2016，35(增2)：3 868–3 877.(FEI Honglu，YUAN Junhua. Study of slope stability based on blasting cumulative damage[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2016，35(Supp.2)：3 868–3 877.(in Chinese))
[13] HE J，QI S，ZHAN Z，et al. Seismic response characteristics and deformation evolution of the bedding rock slope using a large-scale shaking table[J]. Landslides，2021，18(8)：2 835–2 853.
[14] 巨能攀，赵建军，邓 辉，等. 公路高边坡稳定性评价及支护优化设计[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2009，28(6)：1 152–1 161.(JU Nengpan，ZHAO Jianjun，DENG Hui，et al. Stability evaluation of high slope for highways and optimized support design[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2009，28(6)：1 152–1 161. (in Chinese))
[15] ZHENG Y，CHEN C，LIU T，et al. Stability analysis of anti-dip bedding rock slopes locally reinforced by rock bolts[J]. Engineering Geology，2019，251：228–240.
[16] KIM N K，PARK J S，KIM S K. Numerical simulation of ground anchors[J]. Computers and Geotechnics，2007，34(6)：498–507.
[17] 蒋楚生，邹 川，黄献璋，等. 锚索与桩共同加固边(滑)坡的设计方法探讨[J]. 铁道工程学报，2017，34(12)：6–8.(JIANG Chusheng，ZOU Chuan，HUANG Xianzhang，et al. Discussion of the design method for slope(landslide) reinforced by cable anchors and piles[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society，2017，34(12)：6–8.(in Chinese))
[18] SHI J，LIN P，ZHOU Y，et al. Reinforcement analysis of toe blocks and anchor cables at the Xiluodu super-high arch dam[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2018，51：2 533–2 554.
[19] 张治国，毛敏东，PAN Y T，等. 隧道–滑坡相互作用影响及控制防护技术研究现状与展望[J]. 岩土力学，2021，42(11)：3 101–3 125. (ZHANG Zhiguo，MAO Mindong，PAN Y T，et al. Research status and prospect of tunnel-landslide interaction and control protection technology[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2021，42(11)：3 101–3 125. (in Chinese))
[20] 苏 斌. 尾水2#隧洞洞口段坍塌隐患防治[J]. 岩土力学，2004，25(增1)：147–150.(SU Bin. Prevention and control of incipient slump damage at opening block of No.2 tailwater tunnel[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2004，25(Supp.1)：147–150.(in Chinese))
[21] ZHANG J，KUANG M，ZHANG Y，et al. Evaluation and analysis of the causes of a landslide and treatment measures during the excavation of a tunnel through a soil-rock interface[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis，2021，130：105784.
[22] 樊启祥，林 鹏，蒋 树，等. 金沙江下游大型水电站岩石力学与工程综述[J]. 清华大学学报：自然科学版，2020，60(7)：537–556.(FAN Qixiang，LIN Peng，JIANG Shu，et al. Review on the rock mechanics and engineering practice for large hydropower stations along the downstream section of the Jinsha River[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University：Science and Technology，2020，60(7)：537–556.(in Chinese))
[23] FAN Q，DENG Z，LIN P，et al. Coordinated deformation control technologies for the high sidewall-bottom transfixion zone of large underground hydro-powerhouses[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University：Science A，2022，23(7)：543–563.
[24] 王吉亮，杨 静，陈又华，等. 复杂层状高陡岩质边坡变形与稳定性研究[J]. 水利学报，2015，46(12)：1 414–1 422.(WANG Jiliang，YANG Jing，CHEN Youhua，et al. Study on deformation and stability of complex layered high and steep rock slope[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering，2015，46(12)：1 414–1 422.(in Chinese))
[25] 李会中，王吉亮，黄孝泉，等. 乌东德水电站右岸拱肩槽边坡稳定性研究[J]. 长江科学院院报，2012，29(8)：83–88.(LI Huizhong，WANG Jiliang，HUANG Xiaoquan，et al. Slope stability at the right abutment of Wudongde hydropower station[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute，2012，29(8)：83–88.(in Chinese))
[26] 彭绍才，郑 栋，韦国书. 施工期乌东德水电站左岸尾水边坡实测变形及支护受力特性[J]. 武汉大学学报：工学版，2022，55(2)：131–143.(PENG Shaocai，ZHENG Dong，WEI Guoshu. Deformation and supporting force characteristics of left bank tail-water slope of Wudongde Hydropower Station during construction period[J]. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University，2022，55(2)：131–143.(in Chinese))
[27] 周 华，王占军，曹去修，等. 乌东德水电站泄洪洞出口左侧边坡变形控制研究[J]. 水利水电快报，2020，41(2)：27–31.(ZHOU Hua，WANG Zhanjun，CAO Quxiu，et al. Deformation and reinforcement analysis of left side slope of flood discharging tunnel exit in Wudongde hydropower station[J]. Express Water Resources and Hydropower Information，2020，41(2)：27–31.(in Chinese))
[28] 王吉亮，杨 静，郝文忠，等. 乌东德水电站左岸尾水出口陡倾顺向坡变形影响因素分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2017，36(9)：2 194–2 204.(WANG Jiliang，YANG Jing，HAO Wenzhong，et al. Factors influencing deformation of steep consequent slopes at the tail water outlet on the left bank of Wudongde hydropower station[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2017，36(9)：2 194–2 204.(in Chinese))
[29] 彭绍才，韦国书，郑 栋. 乌东德水电站水垫塘边坡施工期变形和受力特性[J]. 人民长江，2021，52(3)：143–150.(PENG Shaocai，WEI Guoshu，ZHENG Dong. Study on deformation and force characteristics of water cushion pond slope of Wudongde hydropower station during construction[J]. Yangtze River，2021，52(3)：143–150. in Chinese))
[30] 黄孝泉，王吉亮，郝文忠，等. 金沙江乌东德水电站左岸尾水出口边坡变形分析及加固方案专题报告[R]. 武汉：长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司，2014.(HUANG Xiaoquan，WANG Jiliang，HAO Wenzhong，et al. Special report of deformation analysis and reinforcement at left bank outlet of Wudongde hydropower station in Jinsha River[R]. Wuhan：Changjiang Survey Planning Design Limited Liability Company，2014.(in Chinese))
[31] 刘会波，孟 刚，张玲丽，等. 金沙江乌东德水电站左岸尾水出口边坡稳定分析及开挖支护设计专题报告[R]. 武汉：长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司，2014.(LIU Huibo，MENG Gang，ZHANG Lingli，et al. Special report of stability analysis and design of excavation support at left bank outlet of Wudongde hydropower station in Jinsha River[R]. Wuhan：Changjiang Survey Planning Design Limited Liability Company，2014.(in Chinese)) |
|
|
|
2025, Vol. 44 
