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| Effects of high water pressure and crack dip angle on ultrasonic frequency domain characteristics of red sandstones |
| JIN Jiefang, QUE Haihui, LIU Xiwang, XIONG Huiying, XIAO Youfeng |
| (School of Civil and Surveying Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou，Jiangxi 341000, China) |
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Abstract Deep engineering rock masses are frequently situated in complex geological environments where water pressure, ground stress, and rock structure collectively influence the physical and mechanical properties of the rocks. Investigating the laws and mechanisms of ultrasonic wave propagation in cracked rocks under high water pressure is essential for assessing the stability of engineering rock masses in these intricate settings. By utilizing an ultrasonic testing system designed for high water pressure and high-stress conditions, we established seven levels of water pressure to replicate the hydraulic environment encountered in engineering practices. Ultrasonic propagation tests were conducted on five types of cracked rocks with varying dip angles. The initial wave of the ultrasonic signal was analyzed via Fourier transform to explore the relationships among the ultrasonic spectral curve, frequency domain transmission coefficient, quality factor, and water pressure as well as crack dip angle. An empirical model was constructed to describe the evolution of ultrasonic frequency domain parameters in cracked rocks. The results indicate that the frequency domain transmission coefficient of cracked rock initially increases and subsequently decreases with rising water pressure, conforming closely to a Gaussian function relationship. The quality factor exhibits a decrease followed by an increase as water pressure rises, showing the least sensitivity to changes in crack dip angle when the water pressure is at 2.5 MPa. Furthermore, the frequency domain transmission coefficient is determined by the size of the crack surface projection area on the rock section that is perpendicular to the direction of ultrasonic wave propagation. A larger projection area of the crack surface correlates with a smaller frequency domain transmission coefficient. As the crack dip angle increases, the quality factor first decreases and then increases, achieving its lowest sensitivity to variations in water pressure at a crack dip angle of 45°.
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2025, Vol. 44 
