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Testing method for in-situ stress of weak rock mass based on hydraulic pillow monitoring |
| HAN Xiaoyu, DONG Zhihong, FU Ping, LIU Yuankun, YIN Jianmin, WANG Bin |
| (Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of the Ministry of Water Resources, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei 430010, China) |
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Abstract In light of the significant impact of weak rock masses on engineering construction and the scarcity of applicable in-situ stress testing methods, an in-situ stress test method for weak rock mass based on hydraulic pillow monitoring was developed by applying the theory of rheological stress recovery. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of existing in-situ stress measurement methods for weak rock masses and their associated limitations. It discusses in detail the testing principles, devices, procedures, and result calculation processes of the proposed method. The measurement accuracy based on calibration test data is also estimated. The testing device is straightforward, allowing for in-situ stress or surrounding rock disturbance stress testing through probe combinations or distributed arrangements, thereby facilitating the acquisition of one-dimensional to three-dimensional in-situ stress data. The hydraulic pillow monitoring test has been successfully conducted in the fragmented powder rock formation of the Longpan—Qiaohou fault zone within the Xianglushan tunnel of the Central Yunnan Diversion Project, yielding monitoring data and borehole plane stress results over nearly three years. This marks the first implementation of in-situ stress testing directly within extremely soft rock in an active fault zone. A comparative test of hydraulic fracturing stress was performed at the edge of the same fault zone, with results indicating that the magnitudes of the principal stresses are relatively close. The application case and comparative testing results demonstrate the feasibility of the weak rock mass in-situ stress testing method based on hydraulic pillow monitoring. The developed hydraulic pillow device is well-designed, securely locked, and the testing procedures and calculation methods are reliable. The monitoring results from the engineering application case reflect the variations in disturbance stress within the surrounding rock, confirming that this method can be utilized for rock stress monitoring.
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2025, Vol. 44 
