裂隙岩体非线性渗流理论与应用

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0894

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Abstract Seepage in fractured rock masses is widely encountered in many important engineering fields such as hydropower, civil and transportation infrastructure, energy and mining, and underground disposal repositories. It represents one of the key factors constraining the construction and long-term operation of such projects. As engineering projects advance towards environments characterized by high water heads, great depths, and strong disturbances, conventional models based on linear flow laws have become inadequate for accurately describing seepage behaviors. Nonlinear seepage effects have become increasingly prominent, manifesting as inertial non-Darcian flow at high Reynolds numbers, multiphase nonlinearity in the presence of multiple fluids, coupled nonlinearities arising from interactions among seepage, stress, and chemical processes, as well as boundary- induced nonlinearities under complex boundary conditions. Although significant progress has been made in experimental observation, mechanistic modeling, and numerical methods related to nonlinear seepage, several challenges remain. These include difficulties in conducting in-situ experiments under high-stress and high- pressure conditions, the complexity of quantifying the effects of coupled processes, the empirical nature of model parameter identification, and poor convergence in numerical simulations. Focusing on these theoretical and applied challenges of nonlinear seepage in fractured rock masses, this paper systematically reviews and elaborates on key issues such as the underlying mechanisms, theoretical models, and parameter identification related to non-Darcian flow regimes, multiphase flow effects, coupled processes, and boundary nonlinearities. Furthermore, simulation methods and control techniques for nonlinear seepage in fractured rock masses are introduced. This paper highlights the vital role of nonlinear seepage theory in improving prediction accuracy, enhancing the reliability of safety evaluations, and supporting proactive engineering control. This is demonstrated through engineering applications, including seepage control and assessment in high-pressure water conveyance tunnels, modeling and evaluation of three-dimensional drainage systems in hydropower projects, and long-term performance evolution analysis of seepage control systems. Future research should aim to establish unified theoretical models and highly robust numerical methods, integrate nonlinear seepage analysis throughout the entire engineering design process, and develop intelligent seepage control systems that integrate monitoring, identification, and regulation. By deeply integrating multidisciplinary knowledge with artificial intelligence technologies, a transition from state assessment to proactive control can be achieved.

Key words： rock mechanics fractured rocks non-linear flow multiphase flow multi-field coupling seepage control safety management of dams and reservoirs

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	ZHOU Chuangbing1
	2
	3*
	CHEN Yifeng1
	2
	HU Ran1
	2
	YANG Zhibing1
	2
	ZHOU Jiaqing1
	2

Cite this article:

ZHOU Chuangbing1,2,3*, et al.

Nonlinear fluid flow in fractured rocks: Theories and applications [J]. , 2026, 45(1): 1-36.

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https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/EN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0894 OR https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/EN/Y2026/V45/I1/1

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