坝基岩体渗流–溶蚀演化及突破时间的缩放规律

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2026.0045

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Abstract Flow-dissolution coupling in soluble-rock dam foundations is a key factor governing the long-term seepage-control performance of high dams. Under the combined effects of tectonic stress and karstification, heterogeneous fracture networks commonly develop within dam foundations, and their evolution directly controls the formation and breakthrough of leakage pathways. Most existing discrete fracture network (DFN) flow-dissolution simulations neglect the influence of in situ stress on the initial distribution of fracture apertures, limiting their ability to realistically capture the evolution of dissolution channels under dam-foundation conditions. In this study, a DFN-based flow-dissolution numerical model is developed by coupling the Bandis fracture deformation model with a two-dimensional depth-averaged flow-dissolution framework. The model simultaneously considers stress-controlled initial fracture apertures, turbulent flow, and nonlinear reaction kinetics. Extensive numerical simulations are conducted to elucidate the evolution of dissolution channels and the associated growth of leakage under stress-controlled aperture conditions. The effects of hydraulic head, impermeable apron width, and grouting-curtain depth on seepage evolution in the dam foundation and the breakthrough time of dissolution channels are quantitatively investigated. On this basis, a scaling law for the breakthrough time of dissolution channels under stress-controlled aperture conditions is proposed. The results indicate that, when stress effects are considered, the mean fracture aperture decreases with depth, causing dissolution channels to preferentially develop in shallow zones or near seepage-control structures, thereby significantly shortening their breakthrough time. Reducing the upstream hydraulic head, increasing the impermeable apron width, and deepening the grouting curtain can effectively delay dissolution-channel breakthrough, with grouting-curtain depth exerting the most dominant influence. This study provides a theoretical basis and methodological support for quantitatively assessing seepage risks and optimizing seepage-control systems in soluble-rock dam foundations.

Key words： rock mechanics soluble rock dam foundations discrete fracture network dissolution channels leakage evolution breakthrough time

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	Articles by authors
	LI Kai1
	2
	HU Ran1
	2*
	CHEN Yifeng1
	2
	ZHOU Chuangbing1
	2
	3

Cite this article:

LI Kai1,2,HU Ran1, et al. Evolution of dissolution channels in soluble rock dam foundations and scaling law for breakthrough time[J]. , 2026, 45(11): 3294-3306.

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https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/EN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2026.0045 OR https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/EN/Y2026/V45/I11/3294

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