|
|
|
| Numerical simulation method and application for the entire dynamic sinking process of a deep-water super-large caisson foundation |
| DONG Xuechao1, 2, LU Zheng1, 2, ZHENG Qinggang3, JIANG Fan4, LI Jiahang1, 2, GUO Mingwei1, 2* |
(1. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3. China Railway Major Bridge Reconnaissance & Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei 430050, China; 4. China Railway Bridge & Tunnel Technologies Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China)
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract Deep-water super-large caisson foundations have been extensively utilized in cross-river and cross-sea bridge engineering. The sinking process entails the coupled interaction of significant soil deformation and structural dynamic response, making accurate simulation throughout the entire construction sequence challenging using traditional numerical methods. This paper presents a numerical simulation approach for the complete dynamic sinking process of deep-water super-large caissons, employing the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method. A unified model was developed to simulate the entire process, encompassing controlled touchdown, segment addition construction, and sinking through soil excavation. A user-modified Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model was proposed to characterize the distinct mechanical behavior of soil under excavation disturbance (fluid-like response) and structural compaction (solid-like response). The method was validated with the multi-dredging-well stepped-type caisson of the main pier of the Changtai Yangtze River Bridge as a case study. Results indicate that the model accurately reproduced the trajectory of changes in the caisson bottom elevation, with an average relative error of only 2.1% (1.0% error in the final sinking stage) between calculated and measured values, and a coefficient of determination reaching 0.993. This study revealed for the first time the dynamic coupling mechanisms of local soil upheaval induced by cutting edge penetration, the soil backflow phenomenon caused by air-lift soil excavation, and the re-accumulation of migrated soil. The overall kinetic energy to internal energy ratio of the model remained below 1%, confirming the quasi-static nature of the caisson-soil system during the construction process. The friction coefficient between the caisson sidewall and the soil was found to be negatively correlated with settlement, though parameter sensitivity was low. This method provides a crucial basis for ensuring construction safety in caissons subjected to complex soil-structure interactions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 王庆云，毛保华，张国伍. 我国交通运输系统工程的演化[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息，2021，21(5)：2–11.(WANG Qingyun，MAO Baohua，ZHANG Guowu. Evolution of transportation systems engineering in China[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology，2021，21(5)：2–11.(in Chinese))
[2] HUANG W，PEI M S，LIU X D，et al. Design and construction of super-long span bridges in China：Review and future perspectives[J]. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering，2020，14(4)：803–838.
[3] ZHOU X H，ZHANG X G. Thoughts on the development of bridge technology in China[J]. Engineering，2019，5(6)：1 120–1 130.
[4] 董学超，郭明伟，王水林，等. 基于集成学习的超大型沉井基础下沉倾斜程度预测[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2023，42(增1)：3 812–3 822.(DONG Xuechao，GUO Mingwei，WANG Shuilin，et al. Inclination prediction of a super-sized open caisson foundation during sinking process based on ensemble learning[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2023，42(Supp.1)：3 812–3 822. (in Chinese))
[5] 毛伟琦，胡雄伟. 中国大跨度桥梁最新进展与展望[J]. 桥梁建设，2020，50(1)：13–19.(MAO Weiqi，HU Weixiong. Latest developments and prospects for long-span bridges in China[J]. Bridge Construction，2020，50(1)：13–19.(in Chinese))
[6] 施 洲，李思阳，杨仕力，等. 超大型沉井基础下沉中后期摩阻力特性及突沉机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2019，38(增2)：3 894–3 904.(SHI Zhou，LI Siyang，YANG Shili，et al. Study on the characteristics of friction resistance and the mechanism of sudden sinking in the middle and late sinking stages of super large caisson foundation[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2019，38(Supp.2)：3 894–3 904.(in Chinese))
[7] 王卫东，高文生，龚维明，等. 基础工程技术的发展与创新[J]. 土木工程学报，2025，58(2)：97–117.(WANG Weidong，GAO Wensheng，GONG Weiming，et al. Development and innovation of technologies in foundation engineering[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal，2025，58(2)：97–117.(in Chinese))
[8] 黄海欧，孙晓伟. 复杂地质区域超深沉井群施工技术[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2014，33(增1)：2 957–2 963.(HUANG Haiou，SUN Xiaowei. Subsidence construction technology for ultra-large-scale caissons foundation in complex geological area[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2014，33(Supp.1)：2 957–2 963.(in Chinese))
[9] 江昕宇，武守信，冯 君，等. 桥梁基础工程2020年度研究进展[J]. 土木与环境工程学报(中英文)，2021，43(增1)：308–314. (JIANG Xinyu，WU Shouxin，FENG Jun，et al. State-of-the-art review of the bridge foundation engineering in 2020[J]. Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering，2021，43(Supp.1)：308–314.(in Chinese))
[10] 施 洲，刘东东，纪 锋，等. 超大型沉井基础的施工风险评估[J]. 西南交通大学学报，2021，56(6)：1 241–1 249.(SHI Zhou，LIU Dongdong，JI Feng，et al. Construction risk assessment of super-large open caisson foundation[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University，2021，56(6)：1 241–1 249.(in Chinese))
[11] 陈晓平，茜平一，张志勇. 沉井基础下沉阻力分布特征研究[J]. 岩土工程学报，2005，27(2)：148–152.(CHEN Xiaoping，QIAN Pingyi，ZHANG Zhiyong. Study on penetration resistance distribution characteristic of sunk shaft foundation[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2005，27(2)：148–152.(in Chinese))
[12] JIANG B N，WANG M T，CHEN T，et al. Experimental study on the migration regularity of sand outside a large，deep-water，open caisson during sinking[J]. Ocean Engineering，2019，193：106601.
[13] 周和祥，马建林，张 凯，等. 沉井下沉阻力离心模型试验研究[J]. 岩土力学，2019，40(10)：3 969–3 976.(ZHOU Hexiang，MA Jianlin，ZHANG Kai，et al. Study of sinking resistance of large and deep caisson based on centrifugal model test[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2019，40(10)：3 969–3 976.(in Chinese))
[14] ROYSTON R，SHEIL B B，BYRNE B W. Monitoring the construction of a large-diameter caisson in sand[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering，2022，175(3)：323–339.
[15] 张计炜. 深厚软土地区超大型沉井下沉行为及稳定性分析研究[硕士学位论文][D]. 杭州：浙江大学，2020.(ZHANG Jiwei. The research on subsidence behavior and stability analysis of ultra large open caisson in deep soft soil area[M. S. Thesis][D]. Hangzhou：Zhejiang University，2020.(in Chinese))
[16] 张治成，邓燕羚，郑锋利，等. 深厚软土地区大型沉井突沉行为分析[J]. 地下空间与工程学报，2020，16(3)：933–943.(ZHANG Zhicheng，DENG Yanling，ZHENG Fengli，et al. Analysis on sudden sinking behaviors of massive open caisson in deep-thick soft clay area[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering，2020，16(3)：933–943.(in Chinese))
[17] SHEIL B，TEMPLEMAN J. Bearing capacity of open caissons embedded in sand[J]. Géotechnique，2023，73(6)：495–505.
[18] 张中杰，王啸翔，俞 剑，等. 压入式沉井与反力桩对地表沉降的耦合影响研究[J]. 岩土工程学报，2024，46(增2)：119–123. (ZHANG Zhongjie，WANG Xiaoxiang，YU Jian，et al. Coupling effects of pressed caisson and uplift piles on surface settlement[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2024，46(Supp.2)：119–123.(in Chinese))
[19] 闫澍旺，霍知亮. 岩土工程下沉贯入数值模拟方法研究进展[J]. 力学与实践，2016，38(3)：237–249.(YAN Shuwang，HUO Zhiliang. Advance in numerical simulation methods for penetration in geotechnical engineering[J]. Mechanics in Engineering，2016，38(3)：237–249.(in Chinese))
[20] 蔡美峰，何满潮，刘东燕. 岩石力学与工程[M]. 2版. 北京：科学出版社，2013：223–289.(CAI Meifeng，HE Manchao，LIU Dongyan. Rock mechanics and engineering[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing：Science Press，2013：223–289.(in Chinese))
[21] 杨 智. 超大型沉井基础下沉阻力分布特征及下沉稳定性研究[硕士学位论文][D]. 淮南：安徽理工大学，2024.(YANG Zhi. Research on the distribution characteristics of sinking resistance and sinking stability of super large caisson foundations[M. S. Thesis][D]. Huainan：Anhui University of Science and Technology，2024.(in Chinese))
[22] ZHOU S J，ZHOU M，ZHANG X H，et al. Installation of caisson in non-uniform clay interbedded with a sand layer[J]. Computers and Geotechnics，2021，140：104439.
[23] ZHOU M，HAN Y W，ZHANG X H，et al. The scale effect on the failure mechanism and penetration resistance of caisson piling in clay[J]. Acta Geotechnica，2022，17：4 447–4 460.
[24] LAI F W，LIU S Y，DENG Y F，et al. Numerical investigations of the installation process of giant deep-buried circular open caissons in undrained clay[J]. Computers and Geotechnics，2020，118：103322.
[25] ZHANG J H. Numerical simulation on the whole sinking process of open caisson with an improved SPH method[J]. Mathematical Problems in Engineering，2021，2021：6699880.
[26] STAPELFELDT M，BIENEN B，GRABE J. Insights into suction caisson installation utilising the material point method[C]// Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of IACMAG. [S. l.]：Springer Cham，2021：802–809.
[27] DONG Z F，JIN S L，CAO X W，et al. Enhanced static simulation process of caisson sinking using the coupled Euler-Lagrange method[J]. Ocean Engineering，2023，286(1)：115453.
[28] DONG X，GUO M，WANG S. Inclination prediction of a giant open caisson during the sinking process using various machine learning algorithms[J]. Ocean Engineering，2023，269：113587.
[29] 董学超，郭明伟，王水林. 基于LightGBM的超大沉井下沉状态预测及传感器优化布置[J]. 岩土力学，2023，44(6)：1 789–1 799. (DONG Xuechao，GUO Mingwei，WANG Shuilin. Sinking state prediction and optimal sensor placement of super large open caissons based on LightGBM[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2023，44(6)：1 789–1 799.(in Chinese))
[30] 胡 勇. 常泰长江大桥主航道桥桥塔基础选型研究[J]. 桥梁建设，2021，51(2)：1–9.(HU Yong. Research on pylon foundation types for main navigational channel bridge of Changtai Changjiang River Bridge[J]. Bridge Construction，2021，51(2)：1–9.(in Chinese))
[31] 董学超. 基于数据驱动的大型沉井基础下沉智能监控研究[博士学位论文][D]. 北京：中国科学院大学，2023.(DONG Xuechao. Investigation on intelligent monitoring of sinking of large open caisson foundations based on data-driven strategies[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Beijing：University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，2023.(in Chinese))
[32] 秦顺全，徐 伟，陆勤丰，等. 常泰长江大桥主航道桥总体设计与方案构思[J]. 桥梁建设，2020，50(3)：1–10.(QIN Shunquan，XU Wei，LU Qinfeng，et al. Overall design and concept development for main navigational channel bridge of Changtai Changjiang River Bridge[J]. Bridge Construction，2020，50(3)：1–10.(in Chinese))
[33] DONG X C，GUO M W，WANG S L. GBDT-based multivariate structural stress data analysis for predicting the sinking speed of an open caisson foundation[J]. Georisk，2024，18(2)：333–345.
[34] 吴启和，张 磊. 常泰大桥水中沉井的关键技术[J]. 中国公路，2020，2020(9)：74–77.(WU Qihe，ZHANG Lei. The key technology of open caisson in water for the Changtai Changjiang River Bridge[J]. China Highway，2020，2020(9)：74–77.(in Chinese))
[35] 陈 克. 超大沉井的施工控制与力学性能研究[硕士学位论文][D]. 武汉：湖北工业大学，2021.(CHEN Ke. Research on construction control and mechanical performance of super large caisson[M. S. Thesis][D]. Wuhan：Hubei University of Technology，2021.(in Chinese))
[36] NGUYEN V D，KIRCHHELLE C，ABDOLLAHI A，et al. A numerical framework coupling finite element and meshless methods in sequential and parallel simulations[J]. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design，2023，219：103927.
[37] KIM D. Large deformation finite element analyses in TBM tunnel excavation：CEL and auto-remeshing approach[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology，2021，116：104081.
[38] YI J T，HUANG L Y，LI D Q，et al. A large-deformation random finite-element study: failure mechanism and bearing capacity of spudcan in a spatially varying clayey seabed[J]. Géotechnique，2019，70(5)：392–405.
[39] 刘建峰. 桩土界面摩擦特性试验研究[硕士学位论文][D]. 天津：天津大学，2008.(LIU Jianfeng. Experimental study on interface friction characteristics between pile and soil[M. S. Thesis][D]. Tianjin：Tianjin University，2008.(in Chinese))
[40] 孙彦晓. 大型沉井下沉对土体变形影响的研究[硕士学位论文][D]. 南京：东南大学，2019.(SUN Yanxiao. Research on soil behavior with the sinking of large caisson[M. S. Thesis][D]. Nanjing：Southeast University，2019.(in Chinese))
[41] 邱锡鹏. 神经网络与深度学习[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社，2020：23–76.(QIU Xipeng. Neural networks and deep learning[M]. Beijing：China Machine Press，2020：23–76.(in Chinese)) |
|
|
|
2026, Vol. 45 
