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| Failure mechanisms of lunar regolith slopes under low-gravity conditions |
| ZHANG Jinwang1, 2, GAO Yishuo1, 2, WANG Jiachen1, 2*, CHENG Dongliang1, 2, SUN Shuwei1, 2, HE Geng1, 2, WAN Xiaohang1, 2 |
(1. School of Energy and Mining Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;
2. Engineering Research Center of Green and Intelligent Mining for Thick Coal Seam, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China) |
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Abstract To investigate the failure mechanisms of lunar soil slopes under lunar surface conditions and to promote the adaptation of terrestrial shallow mining technologies to the lunar environment, this study systematically analyzes the effects of gravity and Van der Waals forces on slope failure mechanisms through a combination of discrete element numerical simulations and physical bottom friction tests. Based on the two-dimensional particle flow code (PFC2D), a rolling resistance mechanism and van der Waals forces are incorporated into the contact model of lunar soil particles. By assigning differentiated rolling resistance coefficients to particles of different sizes and considering adhesive effects, the particle shape effects and inter-molecular forces are reasonably characterized. A dynamic static combined calibration mechanism ensures the accuracy of the model, enabling numerical simulations of rapid slope excavation processes under different gravity conditions. On this basis, physical validation is conducted using a self-developed experimental platform for mining slope stability under low-gravity lunar surface conditions and Lunar Regolith Simulant. The mutually validated results of numerical simulations and bottom friction tests indicate that without considering factors such as the high vacuum and extreme temperature differences on the lunar surface, the slope exhibits significant subsidence with the failure mode primarily characterized by progressive shallow particle flow under low-gravity lunar surface conditions. In contrast, under terrestrial gravity conditions, the failure is mainly manifested as “tensile-shear” failure. The influence of van der Waals forces on particle motion is gravity-dependent, becoming more pronounced under low-gravity conditions, where it promotes particle motion in the form of “quasi-clusters” and reduces the dispersion effect during motion. The findings of this study can provide a reference for slope stability analysis and disaster prevention in lunar resource extraction.
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2026, Vol. 45 
