|
|
|
| LARGE-SCALE SHAKING TABLE MODEL TESTS ON DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND ACCELERATION DISTRIBUTION OF LANDSLIDE DAMS |
| SHI Zhenming1，2，WANG Youquan1，2，PENG Ming1，2，LIU Shan3 |
(1. Department of Geotechnical Engineering，Tongji University，Shanghai 200092，China；2. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education，Tongji University，Shanghai 200092，China；
3. Urumqi Urban Railway Group Co.，Ltd.，Urumqi，Xinjiang 830000，China) |
|
|
|
|
Abstract At least 257 landslide dams were formed by Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. The aftershocks occurred after the major quake may influence the safety of those landslide dams. Dynamic characteristic parameters，including natural frequency and damping ratio，and distribution of acceleration amplification factor are the focus of the research of landslide dams. This paper presents the studies of large-scale shaking table tests on the dynamic characteristics and the acceleration distribution of landslide dams under aftershocks. The natural frequency，the damping ratio and the distribution of acceleration amplification factor of a model dam and their influencing factors are studied. The dynamic characteristic parameters of prototype landslide dams are calculated according to the similarity law. Two groups of shaking table tests are conducted to simulate the behaviors of two types of landslide dams：one with small particle size having the cohesive materials(dam I) and the other with large particle size not having the cohesive materials(dam II). The shaking table tests were conducted under different earthquake waves，different peak ground accelerations(PGA) and different water depths. The following conclusions are drawn：(1) The model dams have stable X-directional and Z-directional natural frequency and damping ratio. (2) Earlier shaking makes the natural frequency to decrease and the damping ratio to increase. The natural frequency of dam I is smaller than that of Dam II. The effects of water depth on the natural frequency of the two types of dams are different. (3) In vertical direction，acceleration amplification factor increases from the base to the top of the dam. The maximum accelerations occurred mainly on the top of the dams. In horizontal direction，the maximum accelerations occurred on the upstream and downstream surfaces of dam slopes，i.e. the surface amplification effect，which showed that the dam slope surfaces were prone to fail under earthquake action. (4) The earthquake waves with the predominant frequency close to the natural frequency of landslide dams induce the most prominent acceleration response. The earthquake in Z direction made the amplification factor of acceleration in X direction increase. The acceleration amplification factor decreases as PGA increases.
|
|
Received: 08 November 2013
|
|
|
|
| [1] CUI P，ZHU Y Y，HAN Y S，et al. The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes：distribution and preliminary risk evaluation[J]. Landslides，2009，6(3)：209–223.
[2] COSTA J E，SCHUSTER R L. The formation and failure of natural dams[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin，1988，100(7)：1 054– 1 068.
[3] SCHUSTER R L. Landslide dams——a worldwide phenomenon[J]. Journal of the Japanese Landslide Society，1995，31(4)：38–49.
[4] PENG M，ZHANG L M. Breaching parameters of landslide dams[J]. Landslides，2012，9(1)：13–31.
[5] HUANG R Q，LI W L. Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake，China[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment，2009，68(3)：363–371.
[6] XU Q，FAN X M，HUANG R Q，et al. Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake，Sichuan Province，South West China[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment，2009，68(3)：373–386.
[7] HAN Y S，LIU H J，ZHU B Q，et al. Distribution and prevention of dammed lakes triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake[C]// Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Digital Earth-Data Processing and Applications. Beijing：SPIE，2009：78411K-1–78411K-7.
[8] WANG Z Y，CUI P，YU G A，et al. Stability of landslide dams and development of knickpoints[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences，2012，65(4)：1 067–1 080.
[9] DAVIES T R，MANVILLE V，KUNZ M，et al. Modeling landslide dam break flood magnitudes：case study[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering，2007，133(7)：713–720.
[10] WISHART J S. Overtopping breaching of rock-avalanche dams[M. S. Thesis][D]. Christchurch：University of Canterbury，2007.
[11] 胡卸文，黄润秋，施裕兵，等. 唐家山滑坡堵江机制及堰塞坝溃坝模式分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2009，28(1)：181–189.(HU Xiewen，HUANG Runqiu，SHI Yubing，et al. Analysis of blocking river mechanism of Tangjiashan Landslide and dam-breaking mode of its barrier dam[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2009，28(1)：181–189.(in Chinese))
[12] 胡卸文，罗 刚，王军桥，等. 唐家山堰塞体渗流稳定及溃决模式分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2010，29(7)：1 409–1 417.(HU Xiewen，LUO Gang，WANG Junqiao，et al. Seepage stability analysis and dam-break mode of Tangjiashan Barrier Dam[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2010，29(7)：1 409–1 417.(in Chinese))
[13] 牛志攀，许唯临，张建民，等. 堰塞湖冲刷及溃决试验研究[J]. 四川大学学报：工程科学版，2009，41(3)：90–95.(NIU Zhipan，XU Weilin，ZHANG Jianmin，et al. Experimental investigation of sour and dam-break of landslide dam[J]. Journal of Sichuan University：Engineering Science，2009，41(3)：90–95.(in Chinese))
[14] 张 婧，曹叔尤，杨奉广，等. 堰塞坝泄流冲刷试验研究[J]. 四川大学学报：工程科学版，2010，42(5)：191–196.(ZHANG Jing，CAO Shuyou，YANG Fengguan，et al. Experimental study on outlet and sour of blocked dam[J]. Journal of Sichuan University：Engineering Science，2010，42(5)：191–196.(in Chinese))
[15] SHI Z M，WANG Y Q，CHEN J F，et al. Effect of fill size on the stability of barrier dams[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials，2011，90/93：1 373–1 382.
[16] 刘小生，王钟宁，汪小刚，等. 面板坝大型振动台模型试验与动力分析[M]. 北京：中国水利水电出版社，2005：19–41(LIU Xiaosheng，WANG Zhongning，WANG Xiaogang，et al. Large-scale table model tests and dynamic analysis of CFRD[M]. Beijing：China Water Power Press，2005：19–41.(in Chinese))
[17] 杨正权，刘小生，刘启旺，等. 两河口高土石坝动力特性振动台模型试验研究[J]. 水利学报，2011，42(10)：1 226–1 233.(YANG Zhengquan，LIU Xiaosheng，LIU Qiwang，et al. Study on shaking table model tests for dynamic characteristic analysis of the Lianghekou high rock-fill dam[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering，2011，42(10)：1 226–1 233.(in Chinese))
[18] 杨玉生，刘小生，刘启旺，等. 双江口心墙堆石坝地震加速度反应的振动台模型试验研究[J]. 水力发电学报，2011，30(1)：120–125.(YANG Yusheng，LIU Xiaosheng，LIU Qiwang，et al. Shaking table model tests on seismic acceleration response of Shuangjiangkou high earth-rockfill dam[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering，2011，30(1)：120–125.(in Chinese))
[19] 王学萍，桑守莲，李慧芳，等. 乌拉泊水库土石坝振动台模型试验研究[J]. 水利水电技术，2008，39(9)：51–56.(WANG Xueping，SANG Shoulian，LI Huifang，et al. Study on vibration table model test of earth-rockfill dam for Wulabo Reservoir[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering，2008，39(9)：51–56.(in Chinese))
[20] 刘启旺，刘小生，陈 宁，等. 双江口心墙堆石坝振动台模型试验研究[J]. 水力发电学报，2009，28(5)：114–120.(LIU Qiwang，LIU Xiaosheng，CHEN Ning，et al. Shaking table model tests of Shuangjiangkou core rock-fill dam[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering，2009，28(5)：114–120.(in Chinese))
[21] 范书立，陈健云，王建涌，等. 高拱坝振动台地震破坏试验研究及数值仿真[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2009，28(3)：467–474.(FAN Shuli，CHEN Jianyun，WANG Jianyong，et al. Experimental study and numerical simulation for seismic failure of high arch dam on shaking table[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2009，28(3)：467–474.(in Chinese))
[22] 孔宪京，朱亚林，邹德高，等. 土石坝坝坡模型振动台破坏试验的数值验证[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2011，30(增1)：2 938–2 945. (KONG Xianjing，ZHU Yalin，ZOU Degao，et al. Numerical verification of earth-rock dam slope failure during shaking table test[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2011，30(Supp. 1)：2 938–2 945.(in Chinese))
[23] 沈珠江，徐 刚. 堆石料的动力变形特性[J]. 水利水运科学研究，1996，(2)：143–150.(SHEN Zhujiang，XU Gang. Deformation behavior of rock materials under cyclic loading[J]. Journal of Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute，1996，(2)：143–150.(in Chinese))
[24] 谢 攀. 强震诱发滑坡运动过程的SPH模拟[硕士学位论文][D]. 上海：同济大学，2009.(XIE Pan. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method in simulating landslide movement process caused by strong earthquakes[M. S. Thesis][D]. Shanghai：Tongji University，2009.(in Chinese))
[25] 中华人民共和国国家标准编写组. GB50011—2010建筑抗震设计规范[S]. 北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2010.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China. GB50011—2010 Code for seismic design of buildings[S]. Beijing：China Architecture and Building Press，2010.(in Chinese))
[26] 中华人民共和国行业标准编写组. SL203—97水工建筑物抗震设计规范[S]. 北京：中国水利水电出版社，1997.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China. SL203—97 Specifications for seismic design of hydraulic structures[S]. Beijing：China Water Power Press，1997.(in Chinese))
[27] 傅志方. 振动模态分析与参数辨识[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社，1990：7–21.(FU Zhifang. Vibration mode analysis and parameter identification[M]. Beijing：China Machine Press，1990：7–21.(in Chinese))
[28] 李俊杰，马恒春. 蓄水期面板堆石坝动力特性研究[J]. 岩土工程学报，1995，17(4)：21–26.(LI Junjie，MA Hengchun. Research on the dynamic property of CFRD in the period of water storage[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，1995，17(4)：21–26.(in Chinese)) |
|
|
|
2014, Vol. 33 
