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| Enhanced vacuum drainage performance of soft soil via freeze-thaw disturbance |
| ZHANG Hu1, 2*, HU Jintao1, ZHENG Bo3, XING Lijun1, WEN Cheng1, SHI Lihan1, GUO Huanming4 |
| (1. School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; 3. China Railway Southwest Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China; 4. School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China) |
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Abstract To address the low drainage efficiency and insufficient consolidation typically encountered during the vacuum preloading of low-permeability soft soil, this study introduces a pre-vacuum freeze-thaw disturbance aimed at enhancing the soil structure and improving drainage performance. Vacuum drainage tests were conducted on specimens subjected to various disturbance modes, with continuous monitoring of the coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical responses, settlement evolution, and energy consumption throughout the artificial freeze-thaw and vacuum stages. Post-consolidation measurements of water content and shear strength were also performed. The results indicate that ice crystallization and fissure development during freezing significantly increased soil permeability by approximately 10%-40%. Upon thawing, the newly formed pore channels facilitated accelerated vacuum drainage. During vacuum preloading, the freeze-thaw disturbed specimens exhibited faster water content reduction, more rapid dissipation of pore-water pressure, greater strength enhancement, and larger settlement compared to the undisturbed specimens, indicating a significant improvement in overall consolidation efficiency. Although the disturbed group consumed more total energy, its energy-consumption ratio throughout the process displayed a stage-dependent pattern: an initial sharp rise, a rapid mid-stage decline, and a slight late-stage increase. Notably, the late-stage energy consumption ratio of the disturbed specimens was lower than that of the undisturbed group, demonstrating superior full-cycle energy performance. This study provides a novel technical pathway for achieving efficient dewatering and consolidation of soft soil.
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2026, Vol. 45 
