边坡和采场围岩变形破裂响应特征的相似模拟试验研究

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摘要以云南磷化集团晋宁磷矿6#坑口东采区深部缓倾斜中厚磷矿层为研究对象，依据相似模拟原则，利用重庆大学资环学院矿山压力平面应力相似模拟试验台，进行晋宁磷矿6#坑口东采区深部缓倾斜中厚磷矿露天转地下开采的相似模拟模型试验。试验结果表明：(1) 受地下采动影响后，露天矿边坡顶部、腰部和底部的应力分布进行重新调整，随着开挖范围的扩大，整体上呈受压—压缩应力增大—受拉伸的动态变化趋势。受境界顶柱的保护支承作用，开挖后其垂直下沉变形很小。(2) 地下磷矿体开挖后，在采空场前后方顶板一定区域内形成顶板支承压力集中区，而在采空场上方靠近磷矿层的顶板区域形成卸压区，同时在采空场下方靠近磷矿层的底板区域则形成底板卸压区。随着采空场沿磷矿层倾斜延伸方向的推进，采空场顶板和底板卸压范围逐渐增大，顶板支承压力区动态前移。(3) 受采动的影响，采空场附近顶底板围岩均有不同程度的变形，顶板岩层有不同程度的下沉，底板岩层有不同程度的隆起。顶板下沉和底板隆起最大点均位于采空场中点偏下部分，随着开挖的推进而动态前移，达到充分采动后岩层整体下沉和隆起曲线趋于稳定的碗状。以采空场为中心，随着距离其纵向和水平方向距离的增加，顶底板岩层位移变形量单调递减。(4) 开挖推进至断层破碎带及其影响区域时，在采动应力的影响下，断层破碎带被“活化”，沿断层接触面发生滑移和剪切破坏。该研究成果对云南磷化集团晋宁磷矿6#坑口东采区深部矿体及类似条件下矿山露天转地下开采现场工程实施有重要理论指导意义。

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关键词 ：采矿工程, 露天转地下, 采动影响, 边坡和采场围岩, 变形破裂, 相似模拟

Abstract：Based on the gently inclined medium thick phosphate layer of the deep part of the east mining section of pithead #6 of Jinning phosphate mine of Yunnan phosphate chemical group Co.，Ltd.，the similar simulation model experiment for the transition from open pit to underground mining is carried out by using the mine pressure plane stress similar simulation experimental frame in College of Resources and Environmental Sciences，Chongqing University. The experimental results show as follows：(1) Affected by the underground mining，the stress distribution of the top，lumbar and bottom of open pit slope has readjusted；with the expanding of mining range，it presents a dynamic change trend that being in compression，then the compressive stress increases，finally being in tension in whole. Because of the supporting protective effect of boundary pillar，the vertical sink of open pit slope is very small after underground mining. (2) After the extraction of underground phosphate，a abutment pressure zone in a certain area of roof which is behind and in front of the underground goaf is formed；but in the area of roof which is close to upper side of underground goaf，a roof stress-relaxation zone appears. And at the same time，in the area of floor which is close to lower part of underground goaf，a floor stress-relaxation zone appears. The stress-relaxation zone expands gradually and the roof abutment pressure zone moves forward dynamically with the advance of extracting along the inclination extension of phosphate layer. (3) Due to the influence of mining，the roof and floor surrounding rocks near the goaf both have different degrees of deformation，the roof strata have different degrees of subsidence and the roof strata have different degrees of rising. The maximum subsidence point of roof and the maximum rising point of floor are located in the centre of underground goaf which is a little close to the lower part，and they moves forward dynamically with the advance of extraction. And the integral shapes of subsidence curve and rising curve of rock stratum are both tend to be bowl shape when the underground mining of phosphate reaches fully mining. Taking the goaf as center，with the increase in the distance from it along vertical and horizontal direction，the deformation of roof and floor strata are both monotone decreasing. (4) When the mining advances to the fault fracture zone and its influence region，the fault fracture zone is activated，it appears slipping and shear fracture along faulted interface. The experimental results have great significance for field engineering of the gently inclined medium thick phosphate layer of the deep part of the east mining section of pithead #6 of Jinning phosphate mine of Yunnan phosphate chemical group Co.，Ltd. and similar mines transition from open pit to underground mining.

Key words： mining engineering transition from open pit to underground mining mining influence slope and stope rocks deformation and failure similar simulation

收稿日期: 2010-01-17

引用本文:

尹光志1，2，3，李小双1，3，魏作安1，2，李耀基3，王清生3. 边坡和采场围岩变形破裂响应特征的相似模拟试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2011, 30(S1): 2913-2923.
YIN Guangzhi1，2，3，LI Xiaoshuang1，3，WEI Zuoan1，2，LI Yaoji3，WANG Qingsheng3. SIMILAR SIMULATION STUDY OF DEFORMATION AND FAILURE RESPONSE FEATURES OF SLOPE AND STOPE ROCKS. , 2011, 30(S1): 2913-2923.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2011/V30/IS1/2913

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