硬岩层爆及锚杆锚固机制试验研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2017.0373

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摘要针对巷(隧)道岩爆破裂演化及锚杆锚固机制研究的不足，利用自制的真三轴加卸载试验系统开展具有岩爆倾向性的无锚固和树脂锚杆锚固长方体硬岩试样在单面约束情况下的双轴压缩对比试验研究，分析和探讨硬岩层爆、层级破裂演化及锚杆锚固机制。结果表明，在无锚固的情况下，硬岩呈现明显层爆现象，从临空面到深部，爆裂破断面的分形维数主要集中在1.3～1.8范围，随层序由于破断面摩擦作用的增强导致其分形维数随之降低，断裂形态随层序逐渐由张拉断裂为主导向剪切断裂为主导过渡，同时各层面均或多或少伴有次生层断裂；锚杆锚固明显降低了爆裂层数及范围，限制了硬岩逐层爆裂；理论分析得出临空面附近硬岩层爆层数的计算公式；视硬岩层爆部分为层状岩层，提出层爆控制的锚杆组合梁理论；临空面附近以劈裂为主的层爆是受压致拉的结果，通过锚杆锚固显著提高了完整岩体的抗拉强度，使层爆层数及范围大为降低甚至不发生层爆。

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	张晓君1
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	林芊君1
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	刘国磊1
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关键词 ：岩石力学, 硬岩, 层爆, 锚杆锚固, 双轴压缩试验, 分形维数

Abstract：The mechanism of fracture development and bolt anchoring of roadway(tunnels) rockburst have not been fully studied. The bi-axial compression tests to the rectangular hard rock samples with and without anchoring were carried out using the true three axis loading and unloading test system developed in-house. The development of stratified burst of hard rock and the mechanism of bolt anchoring were discussed. The layer burst phenomenon occurred in the hard rock tests. The fractal dimension of burst surface from the free surface to deep was mainly between 1.3 and 1.8. The fractal dimension of burst surface was reduced by the enhancement of the frictional action of the burst surface. The dominated fracture form was gradually transited from the tension fracture to the shearing fracture. Each layer was more or less accompanied by the secondary layer fractures at the same time. The number and extent of bursts were greatly reduced by the bolt anchoring and the layer by layer burst of hard rock was restricted. A formula for the number of layers undergoing burst near the surface was obtained through theoretical analysis. The rock with the stratified burst was considered as the layered rock and the composite beam theory for bolt control was proposed. The stratified burst was mainly the result of tension due to compression. The tensile strength of the intact rock was greatly improved and the number and scope of the stratified burst were greatly reduced by the bolt anchoring.

Key words： rock mechanics hard rock stratified burst bolt anchoring biaxial compression test fractal dimension

引用本文:

张晓君1，2，林芊君1，2，刘国磊1，2. 硬岩层爆及锚杆锚固机制试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2017, 36(10): 2365-2372.
ZHANG Xiaojun1，2，LIN Qianjun1，2，LIU Guolei1，2. Experimental study on mechanism of stratified burst bolt and anchoring in hard rocks. , 2017, 36(10): 2365-2372.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2017.0373 或 http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2017/V36/I10/2365

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