厚松散层下三软煤层开采覆岩导水裂隙发育规律

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0210

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摘要为掌握厚松散层下三软煤层开采覆岩运移及导水裂隙发育规律，以澄合矿区为背景，采用物理相似材料模拟实验，综合运用全站仪监测、高清钻孔电视监测、3DEC离散元数值模拟软件以及SPSS专业统计分析软件相结合的研究方法，同时引入开采损害理论，研究该条件下覆岩运移规律、裂隙发育演化及导水裂隙带分布特征。结果表明：覆岩运移呈现非对称性，最大下沉值处于采空区中央偏开切眼侧，松散层运移范围大于基岩顶部岩层，整体呈现出“类双曲线”状。理论公式推导得出基岩破断角较小，为56°～58°。垮落带高度13.75 m，垮采比3.06，导水裂隙带高度75 m，裂采比16.67；裂隙发育数量自地表而下逐渐增多且在导水裂隙带区域突然增多，裂隙发育主要受到北偏东33°方向上采动应力场控制，导水裂隙带发育演化呈现出“缓慢发育→逐级渐进升高→大幅突然升高→周期小幅升高→稳定发育”五个阶段；通过3DEC数值模拟得出，导水裂隙带高度与松散层厚度成指数函数关系，与采高成线性关系，与埋深和工作面斜长成对数函数关系。运用SPSS专业统计分析软件，基于多元非线性回归理论拟合出导水裂隙带高度预测经验公式。通过对比计算结果，验证了回归经验方程在预测导水裂隙带高度时的合理性；由于K5砂岩含水层单位涌水量较大且距煤层较近，对工作面开采过程中覆岩裂隙导水影响较大，为避免煤层的开采受到覆岩K5砂岩含水层的影响，根据所得预测经验公式，煤层的最大采高应不超过3.8 m。该研究对相似地质条件下煤矿保水开采等具有重要的参考价值。

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	来兴平1
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	张旭东1
	单鹏飞1
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	崔峰1
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	刘伯伟1
	白瑞1

关键词 ：采矿工程, 厚松散层, 三软煤层, 非对称性, 导水裂隙发育, 多元非线性回归

Abstract：In order to grasp the law of overlying strata movement and water-conducting fracture development in three-soft coal seam mining under thick loose layers. Taking Chenghe mining area as the background，using the similarity simulation experiment，comprehensively using the research method of the total station monitoring，high-definition borehole TV monitoring，3DEC software and SPSS professional statistical analysis software，and introducing the mining damage theory，the overburden migration law，fracture development and evolution，and distribution characteristics of water-conducting fracture zone were studied under this condition. The results show that the Overburden migration presents asymmetry，the subsidence extreme value of rock strata in different layers always deviates to the side of open-off cut，and the movement range of the loose layer is larger than that of the top layer of the bedrock，showing a“hyperbolic-like”shape as a whole. According to the theoretical formula，the fracture angle of the bedrock is relatively small，ranging from 56° to 58°. The height of the caving zone and the caving-mining ratio are 13.75 m and 3.06 respectively，and the height of the water-conducting fracture zone and the fracture-mining ratio are 75 m and 16.67 respectively. The number of fractures gradually increases from the surface to the bottom and suddenly increases in the water-conducting fracture zone. The development of fissures is controlled by the mining stress field in the 33° east by north direction. The evolution of the water-conducting fracture zone presents five stages which are“slow development，gradual increase，large and sudden increase，periodic small increase and stable development”. Through 3DEC simulation，it is concluded that the height of water-conducting fracture zone has an exponential function relationship with the thickness of loose layer，a linear relationship with mining height，and a logarithmic function relationship with buried depth and inclined length of working face. Using SPSS professional statistical analysis software，the empirical formula for predicting the height of the water-conducting fractured zone is fitted based on the multiple nonlinear regression theory. By comparing the calculation results，the rationality of the regression empirical equation in predicting the height of the water-conducting fracture zone is verified. Because the K5 sandstone aquifer has a large unit water inflow and is close to the coal seam. In order to avoid the mining of the coal seam from being affected by the overburden K5 sandstone aquifer. According to the obtained prediction empirical formula，the maximum mining height of the coal seam should not surpass 3.8 m. This research has important reference value for water-conservation mining in coal mine under similar geological conditions.

Key words： mining enginering thick loose layer three soft coal seam asymmetry development of water- conducting fracture multiple nonlinear regression

引用本文:

来兴平1，2，3，张旭东1，单鹏飞1，2，3，崔峰1，2，3，刘伯伟1，白瑞1. 厚松散层下三软煤层开采覆岩导水裂隙发育规律[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2021, 40(9): 1739-1750.
LAI Xingping1，2，3，ZHANG Xudong1，SHAN Pengfei1，2，3，CUI Feng1，2，3，LIU Bowei1，BAI Rui1. Study on development law of water-conducting fractures in overlying strata of three soft coal seam mining under thick loose layers. , 2021, 40(9): 1739-1750.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0210 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2021/V40/I9/1739

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